International Comparison On Medicare System

Medicare system, as the vital measure to ensure people's physical health of one country plays critical role in the development of human society. Medicare is proud itself with a history over 100 years ever after the promulgation of Social Security Act on Illness by Germany, which is the first of its kind. Backed by different histories, medicare models of each country differ from each other. These models include the whole people's fundamental insurance, social medicare model, commercial medicare, saving medicare and so on. Anyhow, all of these modal are with certain defects and investigation and reforms are necessary to perfect them.As the formation and improvement of medicare system in different countries, related theories appeared and moved forward and this gave rise to the formation different academic schools. They argued and demonstrated medicare system from diversified aspects, which leads to the disagreement and various opinions. On the anther hand, domestic scholars also studied medicare system of China with positive results. Moreover, they focused on medicare problems of certain regions in China, and they took in experience of foreign countries by means of analyzing and comparing those of foreign countries. On the contrary, the overall research of Chinese medicare system is sparse and the problems as terms for medicare objects, collection and payment of medicare premiums, levels and performance of medicare are seldom touched. Consensus on these problems is not reached which leads to the lack of clear policy directions the industry and regional differences on this perspective are large. C From the economics perspective, The author compares different kinds of medicare systems by various study methods as systematic study, comparative study, criteria study, example study and so on with a view to finding the suitable methods for premium collection and payment, level of the insurance and the optimal operation of medicare system in China.The standpoints of the thesis are as follows:I. Welfare economics is the most direct and powerful theoretical foundation forestablishment and development of medicare system. Opinions on how to establishmedicare system differ greatly from ancient time to modern society, home and abroad.In China, Great Harmony was posed long time ago, which can also found in Utopia by the Ancient Greek sage Plato. In contemporary and modern times, social welfare theories mentioned in New Historical School, Welfare Economics, Fabian Socialism, and Neo-liberalism, Effective Demand theory by Keynes, Report on Social Insurance by William Beveridge, welfare thought of social domestics, Theory of Consumption, Neo-economics. Anyhow, Welfare Economics is the basis for medicare system of most countries nowadays.II. Evaluated by the standards of impartiality, medical expenses control, allocation and utility of resource, quality of medical treatment, no medicare system is perfect for their different disadvantages. The social medicare system is by far the most suited with regard to its balancing of equality and efficiency, social impartiality and market efficiency.III. China should try to set up the fundamental medicare system, which combines social planning medical funds and personal medical account. The system is put up after considering of foreign experience of medicare system and actual condition of China, which can bring into play the social planning funds and the accumulative function of personal medical account. This way also enhances the personal awareness of saving medical expenses and self medical safeguard...