Research On Expressway Operation Management System Under Market Economy Conditions

Expressway is one of the necessary products of economic and social development. The Hujia Expressway completed and opened in October, 1988 filled the blank of high-speed road in the history of Chinese Mainland. Till the end of 2002, the expressway in Chinese Mainland has leaped from zero to the second place of the world, and reached to 45,000 km till the end of 2006. Along with the future completion of "Five-Vertical and Seven-Horizontal" national expressway trunk line and implementation of national highway system planning, the focus of highway management will gradually transfer from construction to operation. At present, as the result of different investment systems, various modes of management are formed. Meanwhile, we realize that it is just due to the lack of unified and regular operation management mode of highway, a series of problems occur in the practical running, such as insufficient government supervision, poor service quality, declined road level, and loss of state-owned assets, etc. In addition, the existing studies mostly paid the attention to the administration of industry, instead of supervision on state-owned assets of highway. According to the new requests of the Sixteen National People's Congress regarding the administrative system reform of state-owned assets and further deepening the reform on executively administrative system, it is urgent and necessary to establish a operation management system of highway suitable for all financing modes under the current market economy condition, which both assures the functions realization of highway as public products, and place state-owned assets under effective supervision. Starting from the request of socialistic market economy system, with a method combining theoretic analysis and practice research, macroscopical research and contrast analysis, this paper answers a series of problems in rationally in the government management of highway such as"why, what, who and how to supervise", and proposes a proper management mode based on the analysis and appraisal to current management system and operation mode by widely using relevant experience of foreign countries as reference depending on the scientific research of economics and management science.Part I Current Situation of Highway Operation Mode in Our CountryAt the beginning, it summaries the current mode of highway operation management in our country. On the basis of investigation in all provinces, five modes are summarized, namely: the road group companies in a nature of state-owned assets investment under the direct authorization and leader of provincial government, which are separated from local provincial traffic administration departments; the investment entity with the leader form local provincial traffic administration department as chairmen of the board; the highway administration bureau or road bureau in the nature of enterprise; the civil-operated or foreign invested stock companies with non-state sole investment or holding; and the companies transferred from stock system and come into the capital market. From the economic essential, they are divided as enterprise system and corporate system. In these modes, the fourth and fifth only manage some special sections of highway, which do not play the leading role in the province. In fact, the former three modes are the leading ones in the all country.Secondly, it analyzes the problems in current highway operation management system. At present, many problems exist in the highway operation management system, which are mostly resulted from the unreasonable arrangement, irregular function allocation and incomplete operation system in the management structure. The first is unreasonable structure arrangement obstructs the implementation of traffic policies; secondly, the irregular function allocation leads to the damage to public benefits of communication; the second problem is the incomplete operation system and insufficient industrial supervision means; and lastly, the investment systems impede each other, which obstructs the scale effects.Part II Experience References for Foreign Highway Management systemFirstly, it introduces the classifications of foreign highway management. From the functions of highway or executive levels, they are divided into two kinds: national expressway and local highway, which are different from the administration. In addition, from the construction and operation mode, the highways are divided as paid and free.Secondly, it introduces the management mode of foreign highway. From the principal part of administration, they are divided as national expressway and local highway; from the pike during operation of highway, they are divided as paid and free.Thirdly, the following references and directions are obtained from the analysis of foreign highway management system: the leadership of government plays an important role in the management of highway; establishing regular law system is the foundation of highway management; the cooperation of all relevant main bodies is the necessary condition for effective management of highway.Part 3 Theoretical support for Construction of highway Operations management systemIn order to ensure the designed schemes of operations management persuasive, this article analyze the content theoretically, started with the necessity of supervision, the main content of supervision , the determination of the supervision subject, and the basic supervision methods, providing theoretical basis for design scheme.Part 4 the Design for Highway Operations Management system of our CountryBeing based on the present situation of development in highway operations management system of our country and the experiences of highway operations management system abroad along with the basic theory of highway operations management and aiming at two types of highways, operation type and return-loan type ,two highway management reform programs, program A and program B are designed : program A"Separation of Government and Business, franchising, capital operation, comprehensive enforcement";Program B"Separation of government affairs, franchising, concession operation, unification of credit and loan-return, and comprehensive enforcement". The two schemes are the same formally: set up three systems, public administration, state-owned asset management, comprehensive enforcement system; Public administration includes decision-making levels, supervision levels and executive levels; State-owned asset management consists of the government supervision level, the capital operation level, and entity operating level. The differences between the two programs are two different investment systems. Program A is suitable for operating toll-highway, which is focused on the capital operation. Program B is suitable for Loan-toll highway, which is focused on returning loan.Part 5 Suggestion on Relevant Policy and MeasuresBeing effected by the present relevant management system and legislation system, the realization of the highway operations management system mentioned above needs the support of relevant policy and legislations. Firstly, making efforts to obtain relevant authorization, improving "Two three-tier" system and establishing the framework of State-owned asset management ; Secondly, set up the franchising system, transforming the government's administrative functions, and improving the micro-regulation system; Thirdly, establishing a sound system of laws and regulations, pushing comprehensive enforcement mode, and improving the operational mechanism; Fourthly , coordinating interests of all investment parties, promoting the technology of network charge, and making full use of the network effect.