| For the realization of the goals of sustainable development to be better, establish a standardized set of measurement and assessment of human resources and the efficiency of the indicator system is very necessary. However, the conventional accounting system is based on the currency, this indicator system from the economic system and did not fully reflect the impact on the natural environment. For example, due to their consumption of natural resources can not be fully human and external units, said the monetary value; Many non-direct impact on the natural environment into the material about the economic system is often overlooked by humans; In addition, as the tide of economic globalization, the modern industrial countries often no restrictions on the use of natural resources in national boundaries, conduct impact on the global economic environment.To estimate the domestic and international tracking and the use of natural resources, Material Flow Analysis (MFA) research emerged. This accounting method is based on the weight of the unit to replace the unit, tracking material from entering the human exploitation of the natural world economic system. After the economic and social activities in various stages of human movement, material finally returned to a natural situation. This expression can trace no monetary value but a greater impact on the natural environment of material movement, also using the natural resources of other countries can express their support for economic development in the actual situation, In determining the efficiency of resource use and economic development will be more in line with the actual situation.Material flow analysis methods focus on the quantitative analysis of socio-economic activities movement, understanding and grasping the entire socio-economic fabric of the material flow.This paper using IMAGE2.2 model data of 17 world regions in different scenarios calculate their material flow: First, Analysis materials of different regions in the present and the future of the 21st century; Second, the materials affecting factors; third, how to reduce material and energy throughput. IMAGE2.2 data is based on 1975 to 1995, Analysis from 1995 to 2050 under different circumstances: the material needs of the total material flow indicators: material intensity, the material productive forces, the outflow of material (carbon dioxide emissions) situation.The second part presents the methods and the use and IMAGE2.2 data including: Total Material Requirement (TMR), Material Exertion Intensity, Material Productivity, Processed Output (carbon dioxide emissions), the definition of these indicators; IMAGE2.2 accounting classification of the data used to model the possible interpretations of the four socio-economic development trend of the future.The third component is the main part of this paper. This part Analysis the index of measuring economic system: Total Material Requirement (TMR), Material Exertion Intensity, Material Productivity, Processed Output (carbon dioxide emissions) and the trends driving changes in the various factors affecting them. These factors include natural (eg, climate, resources, productivity) and socio-economic factors (such as the consumption structure, trade patterns, the economic structure, income, population density), and the interrelationship between them. Analysis shows that due to difference in regions of the area, population, income and energy supply, 17 regions have marked difference in the material needs of the world's total volume of agricultural crops, livestock, forestry products and energy demand. Changes driving by trends from the analysis, from 1975 to 2050 all the world's countries and regions showed increased material demand in the trend. Material and energy demand in the region will continue to account for the largest share of the total. The changes of TMR is different from Material Exertion Intensity. TMR in Canada, the United States, the EU, Japan gradually decline and in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East increased slightly. Canada, Japan and Oceania material production was significantly higher than other countries and regions. Material Exertion Intensity and Material changes depends on some factors (1) per capita of usable land area; (2) promotion of the technology to increase productivity; (3) competitive and non-competitive relationship between humans and other living things, especially agricultural production and biological activity; (4) livestock production; (5) products trade. In this paper, the calculation of carbon dioxide emissions from all regions, the per capita amount of carbon dioxide emissions per capita income greater impact carbon dioxide emissions from the United States and Canada (6tC/cap) is in excess of 20 units in Africa, Other high-income countries also 3tC/cap of carbon dioxide emissions. In "Dynamic–as-usual" scenario East Asia, South Asia and the emission of carbon dioxide is increasing rapidly.In the conclusion, this paper comprehensive assessment the lack of IMAGE2.2 for material flow accounting and aggregate indicators of the impact of material flow, and analysis of possible development of the countries of the world and regional trends in the future, and discuses the method of reducing material consumption, including population control, and the reduction of emissions of carbon dioxide and raise the utilization rate of resources, including the role of management control and increased recycling and the use of other measures to reduce emissions from the wastes out. Evaluation: material flow accounting can be used to some test of the important issues related to sustainable development, and ecological sustainability criteria such as whether to restrict economic growth, or whether economic growth and sustainable development coordination and it also can be used in analysis of the relationship between trade and sustainable development issues. |
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