Measurement And Evaluation Of Rural Labor Force Transfer's Degree

This paper is an empirical analysis concerning measuring, caculating rural labor force transfer's degree and evaluating different degree's influence on agricultural production. Its meaning lies in by researching rural labor force transfer's degree and influence on agriculture development and related policy, making the current research on rural labor force transfer complementary, and providing a new way of thinking for related sections to publish and adopt policies.Main contents:By looking up domestic and international studies on rural labor force transfer or agriculture development, grasp the process about this kind of research. Confirm the scope of rural labor force, define the transfer of rural labor force and analyze the type of rural labor, the type of transfer, the motive of transfer, the way and the approach of transfer. By elaborating the evidence to cross the degree of rural labor force transfer and the type of it, confirm structural and synthesized methods to judge the degree, and establish the model on the quantity to measure and calculate the degree of rural labor force transfer from the angle of optimizing labor force allocation and the angle of allocating labor force according to the experience of traditional agriculture production. Based on the methods, the model and the investigating information, firstly measure the degree of the observed village's labor force transfer, and then compare and evaluate different transfer's degree influences on agricultural production. And at the end of the paper put forward my pertinent suggestion.Conclusions:1. In the community of village whose labor force transfer degree is high, firstly it shows a structural excess of transfer and then the quantitative excess of transfer. Such as the labor force transfer of the 6 teams in Wanhe village, considering the quantity from the angle of optimizing the allocation of labor force, the degree of the second team and the third team both are deficiency transfer, the degree of the first and the fourth teams both are relatively moderate transfer, while the degree of the fifth and the sixth teams both are close to absolutely moderate transfer. From the angle of allocating labor force according to the experience of traditional agriculture production, the degree of the second and the third teams both are relatively moderate transfer, the degree of the fourth one is also relatively moderative transfer, the degree of the first and sixth ones both are slightly excessive transfer but the sixth one is close to medium-excessed transfer, while the degree of the fifth one is medium-excessed transfer. But in the structure, all teams shows the degree of young and adult labor force , male ones and the ones having high level of education are excessive transfer.2. The degree of rural labor force transfer in the six teams is different between the seeding&harvest period and spare time. For the team who has long history and is close to absolutely moderate or slightly excessive transfer from the angle of optimizing labor force allocation, its transfer degree doesn't change too much between the two period, and even it even appears that the quantitative transfer degree during the seeding&harvest period is higher than the spare time, eg. the ones of the sixth and fifth teams in our study community. But for the team who only has short history, deficiency or relatively moderate transfer from the angle of optimizing labor force allocation, its transfer degree changes obviously. Its transfer degree during spare period is much higher than seeding & harvest period, eg. the ones of the first, second, third and fourth teams.3. The degree of rural labor force transfer measured from the angle of optimizing labor force allocation is lower than the angle of allocating labor force according to the experience of the traditional agriculture production. So there is much more surplus labor force in agriculture in the quantity to allocate. The main reason of it is that the two angles represent two different ways of allocating labor force and arranging the agriculture production. The biggest difference between them is that the first way just arranges one kind of production during the overlapping period while the last one arranges much more.4. Once the degree of the labor force transfer attains certain critical level, the higher transfer degree, the more disadvantageous influence to agriculture production. The concrete performances are that the planting acreage of cropper, per unit production of staple cropper with large demand in labor force and the hog's scale in the peasant family will become smaller as the transfer degree becomes higher. Such as among the higher degree teams first, sixth and fifth, the acreage, per unit production and the hog's scale in the fifth team whose degree is highest are obviously lower than team sixth, and the sixth one is distinctly lower than the first. But among other three teams' comparison, these three items all have irregular changes.5. Different aspects of agriculture production influenced by the labor force degree don't change at the same direction in the meantime. In the aspect of land use, the planting acreage of crop basically becomes smaller as the labor force transfer degree becomes higher, eg. except the one of team 3 is lower than team 4 while the third team's degree is lower than team 4 , all of other teams' repeat planting index's order is totally opposite to the transfer degree's. In the aspect of the scale of hog to raise, it would become smaller as the labor force transfer degree becomes higher in fifth, sixth and fourth teams which transfer degree is quite high. In the aspect of per unit output of cropper, among these three high transfer degree teams: fifth, sixth and fourth ones, rice, wheat and rape output become smaller as labor force degree becomes higher; but the corn output among the fifth, sixth and third teams is totally reversed.6. Among the teams with different kinds of transfer degree, the difference of influence of agriculture infrastructure construction is very small. As a whole, since the right of using land allocated to the family, no matter large scale or small size agriculture infrastructure construction in the village are both lag. And because of the characteristic that the agriculture infrastructure construction is public or quasi-public product, the situation of agri-infrastructure construction are basically kept at the same level among the teams with different kinds of transfer degree. But the transfer pricks up the difficulty to developing agri-infrastructure construction.Countermeasure suggestion:1. Establish measuring the transfer degree of rural labor force and early-warning system to observe the change process of the degree and send the results to related sections and leaders to help them make timely decision and take aimed measurement. The system not only can be set up by government department separately, and also can be established by government department and researching institution or college together.2. Establish the training system to help the agriculture labor improve their integrate ability and the agriculture production skill. The system should aim at all the agriculture labor force. The main content should be about the knowledge and the skill of agri-production and how to make business. There are two ways to set up the system: one way is to set up it separately, the other is to add some programs on agriculture production and making business. Thus, the local government can choose one from the two ways according to its finance, nature resource and human resource condition.3. Establish multi-benefit cooperation workmanship, and explore new way to utilize the land. On the basis of obeying the law of land use, make mutual-aid and cooperation among peasant household. The government can guide the household to be engaged in agriculture production by the way of mutual-aid and cooperation management which can help the transfer of the right to use land and get more efficiency utilization for the land.4. Guide and support the labor force who gets back from city to engage agriculture production and to be the leader. Government should give them necessary guide and support. The guide should be based on the principle of self-mind, independence and freedom, take pay off as aim, help them choose the items which are in favor of developing agriculture production, suitable for region specialty and market demand, and set up system which can keep away risk and let them manage, suffer risk and take profit all by themselves. At the same time, government should also give necessary policy and financial support.5. Research and apply the technique on agriculture which can save labor force, helping to partly relieve the shortage contradiction of the labor in agri-production. The research should be tightly fixed attention on the characteristics of current agriculture production, be based on the principle of small invest, low cost, simple to apply and having obvious effect and combine the experience with the scientific and technological achievement. The application should adopt all kinds of means and approaches at the principle of self-mind, independence and making people center. And feed back the problems and good advice timely. Form positive interaction among researchers, transmitters and users.6. Combine all kinds of ways to satisfy the labor force demands for agriculture foundation construction. According to the labor force transfer character, we can arrange foundation construction at the peak period when the labor force come back home. For these large-scale foundation construction, we can plan to finish it in different stages. And we can use many kinds of means and approaches to persuade and encourage these who are out back home to take part in the construction. For some rich regions can also replace the labor force with funds to make the construction.Originality:1.The angle of view of the research is original. Considering different influences on agri-development among different rural labor force transfer degree, research systematically the methods to measure the transfer degree, and compare and evaluate the influences on agri-production caused by different degree in the observation. This is very different from formed study concerning the effect of labor force transfer.2. The method of research is special. Not only from the angle of allocating labor force according to the experience of traditional agriculture production measure the quantity of labor force for the agriculture production, but also from the angle of optimizing the allocation of labor force. The two angles represent two different ways of allocating labor force and arranging the agriculture production. And find that the last one can dig more rural surplus labor forces.