Research On Cooperative Innovation In Multinational Technical Alliance

The economic globalization and rapid development of science and technology have become two prominent characteristics in the development of human society. Many enterprises are beginning to take notice of the importance of external resources in the process of technological innovation and have strengthened the links with external organizations. Cooperative innovation means that enterprises establish cooperative relationship with external organizations and then achieve technological innovation through sharing resources and complementing strengths. With the trend of economic globalization and the homogenization of the world market enterprises whose products are similar will compete fiercely in a world market. Therefore, in order to adapt to the complex nature and product diversity of the world market and meet different demands from consumers in different countries, also take advantage of the technological resources and reduce the cost and risk in the process of product development, multinational in developed countries has changed the model of cooperative innovation in the home country but found partners global according to the comparative advantages of people, technology and infrastructure from different countries. Thereby cooperative innovation is promoted towards international and globalization direction.China has formally entered the WTO, which means that the domestic market and international markets become more globalized, also means that our enterprises have to participate in international economic competition in accordance with unified rules of the market economy. However, at present enterprises do not achieve a high degree of internationalization, meanwhile face with the strong competition from multinational corporations. Thus, establishing multinational technical alliance with large foreign enterprises is a important way to format and enhance core competitiveness of enterprises in our countries. From this way, we will participate in international economic and technological cooperation and competition in a great scope, a broad field and at a high level.Against this background, this paper defines cooperative innovation and multinational technical alliance from the perspectives of broad and narrow, analyzes the relationship of the two and locates the scope of this study. Then, this paper summarizes the main theories of cooperative innovation in multinational technical alliance which are Transaction Cost Theory, Enterprise Resource and Capacity Theory and Industrial Organization Theory.On the basis of summarizing the theories, this paper analyzes the motivations of cooperative innovation in multinational technical alliance. We found that there are differences between enterprises from developed countries and developing countries that participate in multinational technical alliance. The motivations of enterprises from the developed countries are tracking technology changes, reducing R & D risks, technology synergy effect, sharing R & D cost, improving exclusivity of innovation, shortening the cycle of technological innovation, restricting competition and so on. In multinational technical alliance between developed countries and developing countries, the motivations of enterprises from the developing countries are obtaining financial support, knowledge and technology from enterprises in developed countries, establishing standards of technological innovation in the world. Meanwhile the motivations of enterprises from the developed countries are obtaining R & D resources and the opportunities to access to market.Subsequently, this paper focuses on operating mechanisms of cooperative innovation in multinational technical alliance. This chapter studies process design mechanism, distribution mechanism and system evaluation mechanism. Process design mechanism mainly analyzes the guiding ideology design process, design methodology and design process. Distribution mechanism mainly researches cost-sharing mechanism, enterprises act mechanism and benefit distribution mechanism. System evaluation mechanism bases on three stages of establishment, development, commercialization in cooperative innovation. In the stage of establishment system is evaluated by capability of cooperative innovation system. In the stage of research and development, system is evaluated by indicators of research and development progress. In the commercial stage, as producing and marketing stage, system is evaluated by efficiency indicators. Through assessing various stages of the system, alliance can continue to adjust its structure, made cooperative innovation in multinational technical alliance operating stably and efficiently.Through researching motivations and operating mechanisms of cooperative innovation in multinational technical alliance, this paper gives proposals for Chinese enterprises to participate in multinational technical alliance. Macroeconomic policies have important influence and impact on the behavior of enterprises. In our country though multinational technical alliance already has developed, but the development is very slow. Thus, the government's role is essential. Through macro-control government can provide promotion and protection at different levels to the alliance. This can guarantee and strengthen multinational technical alliance operating smoothly. Specifically, our government should strengthen domestic enterprises capability of technological innovating, draw up a development plan for multinational technical alliance, build information networks to provide a good foundation and condition for Chinese enterprises to participate in multinational technical alliance, encourage domestic enterprises to develop their oversea R & D, pay attention to developing and training human resources, improve the market mechanism to provide a good market environment, build a good social environment for multinational technical alliance, establish and develop laws and regulations to give legal protection to enterprises. From the perspective of enterprises, they should pay attention to changing their concept of competition, developing mechanism for learning to improve their capabilities of technical innovating, selecting suitable partners, establishing a rational operating mechanism and a relationship of trusting, integrating culture in every country and every company in multinational technical alliance.