The Research Of The Fairness Question About Our Countryside Public Goods Supply

In order to solve the problem of "Agriculture, Countryside and Farmer" ,in our country ,the theorists are going deep into a new level increasingly, and it also attaches more and more attention from our party and government. In 2005,the strategy of building a new socialist countryside had been brought forward definitely in the fifth of the sixteenth Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the CPC. And then, in 2007, the central government lodged the seventh "top document" ,in which brought forward the slogan of "promoting the construction of modern agriculture from six aspects" more definitely. This indicated that a new phrase of a new countryside's construction will come up. However, at present, the supply of public goods in rural areas, which is closely interrelated with the building of a new countryside, has seriously lagged behind. The shortage is not only reflected on the insufficiency of the rural public goods' supply, but also on the unfairness of supply. So, in China, which has been influenced by the culture of "worry about inequality not poverty" in a long term, it seemed very urgent and seriously important to ensure the farmers with equal national treatment by solving the fairness of rural public goods supply. For the above reasons, this paper tried to bring forward the route choices by which realize the fair supply of rural public goods, through revealing the unfair phenomenon existed in rural public goods' supply, and then anatomizing the reasons of its formation from the perspective of fairness. It will be great theoretical and practical significance for solving the problems of Chinese rural public goods supply, even the problems of "Agriculture, Countryside and Farmer" .Except for introduction and conclusion, the whole paper can be divided four parts.The first part mainly explains and delimits the theory of rural public goods and fairness. In the segment of rural public goods theory, first, it introduces the concept and the characters of the public goods briefly, and then it delimits the concept and classification of rural public goods in China. The paper points out that, because of the differences of politics, economy, social and cultural infrastructures between China and the western countries with high-developed market economy, both the denotation and connotation of Chinese rural public goods are different from western developed countries.In our country, rural public goods are productions and services of non-competitive, non-exclusive, which guided mainly by the government through using tax or other legal resources to meet the rural public needs.In the block of fairness theory, the paper firstly summaries and generalizes the studying perspectives of the fairness theory, and then, it points out that we should grasp it from four aspects, that is, first, the essence of fairness, which is equality and equilibrium; Second, the content of fairness, which is the fairness of starting point, process and result; Third, the judgment criteria of fairness, the harmony of society and the advance of the productivity; Fourth, the realizing mechanism of fairness ,that is democracy and the rule of law.In the second part, the paper tried to reveal the unfair performance in the present supply of rural public goods through large amounts of data. It points out that, the unfair performances are mainly reflected from five aspects, they are, the supply unfairness between urban and rural areas, supply unfairness between different rural areas, the supplying responsibility unfairness between the government and the private, the supply responsibility unfairness between different governments, and unfair burdens between different farmers.The third part goes deep into the analysis of the reasons, which caused the supply unfairness of rural public goods. It indicates that, the chief root is the different supply systems between urban and the rural, and then it results from the ambiguity of supply responsibility, the morbidity of the rule of law, and the irrationality of decision-making mechanism and fund-connecting mechanism.The fourth part, which set forth the path by which to realize the rural public goods' fair supply, is the soul of this paper, including three blocks. First, the precondition of realizing the rural public goods' fair supply is to develop economy energetically; Second, the microscopically strategy to realize it is to plan the harmonious development between urban and the rural, and between different regions as a whole; Third, the microcosmic measures, which includes, strengthening financial support to agriculture, adjusting the framework of agriculture-supporting, delimiting the supply duty reasonably, building public financial system in which the power of duty and money are highly uniformed, changing decision-making procedure to establish the need-expressing system of farmers, and strengthening the building of the rule of law.Except for the novelty of subject choosing and the unique of perspective, this paper have new breakthrough on the lodge of the countermeasures, which mainly incarnates in the following aspects. First, it suggests that the increasing range of investments to agriculture should be advanced to the increasing speed of our country's finance; Second, we should make clear the supply responsibility of rural public goods of each government which does not include the municipal governments and township governments in poor areas; Third, in the division of supply responsibility between government and market, we should accord to the situation of our country and the stander of need level, but not to the principle of purity in western public goods supply theory. Last but not least, this paper points out that, as to the fundamental rural public goods, the government should take their supply responsibilities no matter which kind of public goods they are, such as the pure public goods, or quasi-public goods, even the one which close to private domestic goods.