The Test Of Baoji Ecological Environment And Its Appraisement Of Sustainable Development

Since 21st centuries, China have joined WTO and merged into theprocess of the economic globalization with the unprecedented depth and width. The city,as the center of the politics, economy and cultures, its position has been increasinglyoutstanding in national economy and society development, is becoming the pioneer ofthe whole national economy. The aggregation effects of urbanization intensify theconflict between mankind and nature. Firstly, it resulted in the continuous growth andhigh concentration of city population. Secondly, it weakens the function of the city'snatural environment, forming the special artificial environment. In such environment,various material and energy which maintain the city's life and production need to beimported from the exterior of system. In the same time, the industrial "three wastes" areexported to nature and form the "black hole" of the material and energy. Thus theresource expenditure, environmental pollution and ecological damage become theinevitable results of urbanization.Therefore, setting up the eco-city has became the human's ideal, in the same time,it also is the direction of city's sustainable development. From 1903 the eco-citydesigned by E. Howard who came from England to the Huaitekeer, Copenhagen,Portland, our country's Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangzhou, etc., the theories and practice ofthe eco-city are increasingly adding. We must carry on the monitoring of city'ssustainable development in order to make the definition of city's sustainabledevelopment, which has certain maneuverability and insure the smooth construction ofthe eco-city, and helps the governor and public to establish the target of sustainabledevelopment and evaluate the development progress of the city. At the same time, thesustainable development of city is helpful to the choice of policy and continuouslychanging development policy on the basis of monitoring data, which can provide theassistant information support for policymaker. Additionally, the measure to the pastdevelopment can provide foundation for drawing up long-term programming of city.Baoji City has got achievements of world interest in the field of industrializationand urbanization in the 20 years of reform and open. It shows forceful economycompetitiveness, having become one of the most approximately and economic vitalitycity in the western region. With the fact that the economy promptness increases, Baoji is also confronted with a series of ecological environment problems, such as sharpsubtraction of cultivated land, energy shortage and environmental pollution. This paperuse the GSR and EF to study sustainable development of the ecological Baoji during thepast ten years, and trying to track the sustainable development degree in each time, so asto provide basis for the relevance decision-making.Baoji is the second biggest city in Shaanxi province and has the superior locationadvantage in the eco-city construction; abundant natural resources, pleasant weathercondition, long brilliant culture, strong economic power and solid social foundation,which make it have certain uniqueness and representativeness in many aspects.Therefore, the research to eco-city of Baoji and its sustainable development haveimportant theoretical meaning and practical value. The paper is based on naturalscience fund project of Professor Ren Zhi Yuan "Quantitative analysis of LUCC andEcological Security in the fragile area of ecological environment of Western region" andthe author's fund of "Evaluation of ecological environment and sustainabledevelopment in Western region—Baoji is the example". According to the condition ofthe Baoji city's development, this paper use the economic measure model—genuinesaving rate and the ecology measure model——eco-footprint from 1995 to 2004 tomeasure eco-city. This basically can concern main aspects of city's sustainabledevelopment.This paper obtains the following conclusions:(1) From 1995 to 2004, the GDP of Baoji city were always in the steady growth theaverage growth rate was above 10%; Compared with the GDP, the doxi growth rate ofthe genuine saving rate had bigger fluctuation in Baoji city. In the last ten years, becausethe natural resources spoilage memorial was increased, the GSR had come down in thegeneral. The natural resources waste very quickly in the ten years, and the waste valueof the natural resources in 2004 during the past 10 is 20.6 times of 1995. The GS hadcome up between 1995～2003, but in the 2004 the GS had come down very quickly, itwas 43.28%～45.19% of 2003, because the natural resources spoilage of 2004 was 1.60times of 2003. Though the GSR came down, it was still greater than zero. The economicgrowth is sustainable state in Bao Ji City, but the sustainable development potential is ina diminution. If we want to enhance the sustainable development potential, we mustreduce the energy consumption, cut down the pollution and the consumption of naturalresources. (2)The GDP have rapid growth in Baoji city in last ten years, broken30,000,000,000 in 2004. The growth of economy, a great deal of consumption ofmaterial and abundant exploitation of resources caused fast increment of theeco-footprint. During 1995-2004, the per-capita GDP increased to 250%, theeco-footprint increased to 0.2459 hm~2, the ecology deficit increased to 0.2486 hm~2 inBaoji city. The existence of ecology deficit shows that the per-capita consumptionexceeds the regeneration ability of the natural system in Baoji city, its development isnot a sustainable sate. So Baoji city should change the economic growth mode of theresources expenditure, advance the utilization rate of resources; adjust the industrialstructure, adjust reasonably the agricultural plants structure, guarantee the highproduction and increased income of agriculture, advance the ability of land creatingwealth.