A Study On The Development Mechanism Of Tourist Destination From The Perspective Of Stakeholders

Research on tourism development mechanism, the basic theory and methodology of tourism areas, is the fundamental road to get the solution to sustainable development issues.With the development of the tourism industry of our country nearly three decades, the research methods and research results about the awareness of tourist destination and its development-mechanisms have been greatly developed ,but studies are limited on some single area, such as tourism products, tourist destination space development, comprehensive and systematic analysis is lacked. Introduction of stakeholder theory offers a new analysis idea.Guided by the analysis method from system geometry---system kinematic---system dynamics, a tourist destination in the development mechanism is described through analysis of the tourist destination system's structure, the operation of the host system and its changes from the view of stakeholders.From the perspective of economics, tourist destination is a complex ecosystems based on certain area's natural geographical, economic, social environment,constituted by some relevant interest groups'special activities joint centered by tourism activities, which is composed of stakeholders in the system and the environment posed system. Based on functional analysis, system stakeholders include tourists, tourism enterprises and related subjects, supporters, residents and other stakeholders; And environmental systems include natural, economic, social and tourists "live" environment. Tourism stakeholders in the system is the core of the system, the operating of system achieves through the operating of system stakeholders, which is based on the environmental system. The operating mechanism in cycle results in the continuing change of system, which is the entire tourist destination's development mechanism.The entire tourist destination's development mechanism includes the operating mechanism and changing mechanism. According to the meaning of interests, the operating of system stakeholders is stared through their acts under some relations, which are motive by their interests expectations; the effect of their acts decides the tourist destination's sustainable development. Some contexts about changing mechanism include changing dynamics, changing patterns, the development trajectory and so on. The stakeholders system's complex contradictions is the changing dynamics ;Changing patterns can be analyzed from the perspective of main driven stakeholders, main acts interest and main interest orientation. Normally, a tourist destination will change as the complex logistic curve trajectory. And more, mathematical tools and models are also used to create a system development-mechanism and development trajectory maps.Using the theoretical framework above, through the detailed analysis on the whole process of Guilin's tourism industry, we can conclude that Guilin tourism industry experienced different stages: the central government of supporters driven---tourism enterprises driven----the tourism government of supporters driven---multiple stakeholders driven; the interest orientation shifted from the political interests gradually to economic interests dominated, multiple benefits of coexistence and economic benefits, social benefits, environmental benefits equal, action-oriented resourced from purely "quantitative" model to a product "quality" type, with the expanding of space ,that is, from a single, low model to a pluralistic, senior model. Some measures are explored to the existing contradictions of Guilin's further tourism development.