Some Thoughts About The Reform Mode Of The Rural Land System

Improving the rural land system is the fundamental solution of three rural issues. A good land system which relationship with the immediate interests of the farmers was able to mobilize the enthusiasm and production enthusiasm of the farmers , and also can promote rural economic development . so seeking of a land system model that can adapt to the current situation must be done.To solve a problem we must first understand the evolution of this issue, the evolution of the rural land system has undergone major changes. First, the land reform and the abolition of the feudal landlords of new China private ownership of land, the establishment of private ownership of land farmers, the farmers give full land ownership, the liberation of the productive forces in the 1950s to the 1970s at the end of the people's commune movement, the collective land to recover all, a cooperative; Third, in the early 1980s introduced the household contract responsibility system, and formed a collective all, the family business of the separation of the two modes, the release of the rights of the peasants.The existing household contract responsibility system for the reform and opening up has made great contribution to make once the enthusiasm of the farmers greatly enhance, adapt and then promote the development of productive forces in rural areas. But with the deepening of reform and opening up, such a system existing contradictions and problems slowly emerged: First, individual farmers to return to the operating state, and hampered the process of industrialization. Second, the rural land property rights are unclear, the state has the actual ownership of land. Third, the imperfections of the system of rent-seeking powers to create a hotbed, and damaged the interests of the peasants. Fourth, farmers are unwilling to face the serious challenge of their own land. 5, farmers unable to extricate itself from the "farmers" as not free and fair access to the commodity market. 6, land circulation difficulties, low utilization of land.In light of the numerous rural land system, the theoretical circle were discussed and summarized by the following four reforms: land privatization, given the peasants full ownership of land, the main drawback of a large number of farmers who have lost their land, causing power decentralization, to bring about the rapid social unrest; nationalization of land, state-owned land to recover, given the peasants permanent right to use its main disadvantages is difficult to implement, very, operating costs are high, and land pluralism, a multiplicity of local systems to co-exist, the main problem is the collection of social security funds and the issuance is reasonable, the distribution of land at the same time can hardly fair; improved system of collective land, which is the key programme of the existing system on the basis of clear title to land ownership and the main object.Above four points are reasonable, but the feasibility of a system not only depends on whether its theoretical perfect, but should be with the actual situation of our country to explore. Agrarian reform can not be divorced from China has a huge population with limited land resources of the nation, can not ignore China's current legal system, can not avoid the binding ideology, can not avoid long-standing historical factors. From the consideration, improved, and improved collective land ownership programme is more suitable for China's national conditions of the programme. Construction of such a programme clearly good basic thinking is: strengthen land ownership, China's current rural land ownership weaknesses of the collective farmers and peasants personal interests are not protected; regulate land use rights, give the right to use its strict legal sense from improper interference, the right to use the long-term. At the same time to clear land ownership and the right to use the subject and the object. In straightening out the ownership and the right to use the main object and the right relationship, we can find a right to ensure that the ownership and operation of the organic combination of operation, that is, stock cooperative system. Results from the pilot can be seen in the rural land system of the formation of the joint-stock cooperative has its significance, it has resolved a land ownership which was the main issue and the realization of the collective land, capital and land assets of scale, the protection of the villagers autonomous operation capacity, but also improve the overall quality of the farmers.Joint-stock cooperative system's mode of operation has the two, the first is in the non-agricultural suburban towns will be developed by the government expropriation of land, the village's collective land to the peasants discount, and collective funds, the village of fixed assets into a joint-stock cooperative enterprises shares, farmers can engage in this land-related or not work. The second situation is the recognition of the rights of the same land, the village's collective farmers land into a stake in the joint-stock cooperative enterprises from the village unified planning to operate or tender operators. Shares Cooperation Organization to all members of the fundamental interests of the creation of value-added benefits for farmers, peasant organizations, and seek sustained development of the line, for the establishment and perfection of the rural market economic structure, promoting the building of modern agriculture, and promote the surplus rural labor to cities and towns and increase transfer the income of the farmers is of important significance.Currently joint-stock cooperative system is the main form of community-based joint-stock cooperative system, and its main advantages:â'ˆclear property owners, farmers, as the ultimate owners commissioned by the right and indirect management;â'‰owners to have access to the remaining income right through the sharing of shares and incremental shares settings allow protection of the rights of peasants;â'Šowners of the assets from control of the development of the standard management system, shareholders can always monitor the operation of enterprises. However, with the development of such a system has presented a number of issues, first and foremost have a path dependence, in the pursuit of collective economic interests of the members of the community the ultimate goal, but neglecting the property rights system, so that the reform has entered a low-speed development of the state. Secondly, the collective ownership shares fuzzy, evoked the management of corruption, and not conducive to foreign investors in a capital investment. Third, the community has closed, the shares do not flow caused difficulties in the financing of enterprises, economic development is restricted. Fourthly, the formation of community welfare, and regular equity adjustments increased cost of the system, breeding a number of lazy farmers, reduce the accumulation of the economy. To improve community-based joint-stock cooperative system, first of all, it is necessary to gradually abolish collective shares will be allocated to its paid farmers, or as incentives to the operators and managers of the option shares. Then to break the closed community for open mode. More cooperation with the outside, the merger and reorganization of the community, so as to promote resource integration. And the need for enterprise management style, the introduction of a modern enterprise system, increase enterprises in the market economy in the operation of competitiveness. Meanwhile, we should carry out reform of equity, paid cash. Stake in the definition of the way to take a one-time, quantifying the value of collective assets.At present, the rural land reform only gone half way, to the history of development in the new stage of comprehensively building a well-off society in rural areas, it is necessary to constantly deepen the reform of the system of land, the establishment of a China's economic development to the land system model.