Analysis On The Disadvantages Of The Land Property Right System Of Ming-dynasty

As a result of the inheritance of the system and its circumstance, currently, China's Land Property System has many problems, the reason for which can be found from the history and the origin of the system, such as the Mind-dynasty, which is a developing period of the Chinese traditional economy and culture after Yuan-dynasty. The Land Property System of Ming-dynasty, consisting several sub-systems like "liangce" and "Chiqi", had played an important role in improving cultivation, stabilizing society and developing production at the beginning of the dynasty, which made the land management in Ming-dynasty reaching a peak in ancient China in the respects of digitization, formatting and normalization. The Land Property System of Ming-dynasty had also separated the land ownership from operation right and earning right, as well as improved the efficiency of land allocation in the Ming dynasty. The register methods of Land Property System, which was included in the land system, then, like land and the map and liangce, have had great influences in the followed dynasty and even today. However, the Ming dynasty had put over value on the separation of the earning right rather than the improvement of the ownership, and had limitations in understanding the land property system. However, people in Mind-dynasty had some limitations in understanding its Land Property System and they treated it randomly, which leads to the disintegration of the System. Currently, China also undergoes some depredation in terms of land management and use.Therefore, learning from the land property system of Ming-dynasty is of great importance for China to set up strict and efficient land property system in market economy.Based on analyzing characteristics and interrelation for each part of the Land Property System in Ming-dynasty, this paper discussed the inside disintegration factors of Ming's Land Property System through analyzing the evolution and relation of three kinds of property in Ming-dynasty, namely, the state-owned land, govern-owned land and civilian owned land. At the same time, the paper explored the outside disintegration factors of Ming's Land Property System through analyzing political, financial, monetary, and technological factors' impacts on it.Base on these analyses, four disadvantages of Ming's Land Property System are concluded. Firstly, Ming had put over value on the separation of the earning right rather than the improvement of the ownership, and had limitations in understanding the land property system, which had caused confusions in Land Property System from the beginning. Secondly, Ming's administrative structure and technical condition could not support the management system of Land Property System, coupled with lack of corresponding maintenance, leading corruptions. Thirdly, the defects of the fiscal policy and monetary policy made the government can't provide better economic environment for small landowners, which sped up the owner farmer's bankruptcy. Fourthly, enfeoffment and tax exemption brought in two destroyer of the Land Property System: the imperial clan and the gentlemen, but the government lost its control on the two for the sake of maintaining its power.Therefore, the land property system in Ming-dynasty had undergone great confusions from the very beginning. Each tache of this System had been continuously destructed after it had been implemented. With the development of social economy, those disadvantages of the land property right system turned to be obvious gradually, and were used by different interest groups and individuals. As a result, the guarantee effects of this system waned gradually. Subsequently, this System collapsed stage by stage. The commodity economy, population burden and the fragmentary land possession which impaired the land system in Ming-dynasty still exist today.The creative points of this paper are as follows: as a part of the project "History of The Land Property System" this paper focuses on the land property system instead of taking that the land system belongs to finance system and the land property system belongs to the land system, with taking other systems as inside and outside influential factors and conditions. In doing so, all the factors that affect the performance of land system are brought in as a whole in an attempt to comprehensively analyze the inside and outside negative factors for land property right system of Ming-dynasty. At the same time, with the help of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the paper resolves each part of the land property system of Ming-dynasty in different stages in order to find disadvantages of each part of the land property system as well as the effects of them. Based on these studies, the purpose of the paper is to provide reference for the construction and improvement of today's land property system from the history angle.