Effect Analysis Of Urban Spatial Restructuring On Economic Growth

Urban spatial restructuring, which was representative of increasing extend of new urban space and renewal and restruction of built areas, can not only accelerate economic growth by changing benefit of land use, but can also act on spatial distribution process of economic elements directly, by which transformation and optimization of economic structure can be drived, as well as optimal allocation of these elements in growing regions could be achieved. Among the study of conventional spatial economic theory, in which more attention was concentrated on urban growth under the function of agglomeration economy and measure of urban form evolution, characterized by land use, population and employment distribution, economic growth had been discussed as dynamic mechanism of urban growth, while effect of urban spatial restructuring on economic growth was rarely noticed. Along with a new-round spatial restruction experienced by China's cities, evolution of urban form and regulation of urban spatial structure will impel or restrict economic growth and its mode directly or indirectly. On the premise of serving for urban economic growth, the problems of how to make use of space resource efficiently and intensively, and how to control the size, orientation and timing choice, that urban spatial restructuring on has to be confronted with, need investigating and solving in aspects of planning and management ideas. All above reasons made the study more significant in both theoretics and practice.Based on conventional spatial economic analyses,comparison of different characteristics of urban spatial restructuring between the two representative cities Jinan and Qingdao, as well as the measure of their effect on economic growth, the thesis tried to draw an mechanism and approach to explain how urban spatial restructuring acted on economic growth, which can enrich the theory of urban space, and make an offer of countermeasures and reference to the development of urban and space planning. The thesis falls into seven parts, which were organized according to the logical sequence from the theoretical explanation to quantitative analyses then to the policy implications.The origin of problems, background and objectives of the study, contemporary progress of the studies on urban space and economy, as well as research framework, methods and innovation were presented in Part 1.Theoretical study was carried out in Part 2, 3 and 4.Based on spatial economic theories, the pattern and function of urban spatial restructuring, economic mechanism, responding way and operating condition of space restructuring effecting urban growth, etc. were analysed in Part 2. Available expansion of aggregation force, high-efficient-economic quality of traffic trunk and the supply and demand balance of expansion were presented as primary conditions of effect of urban spatial restructuring on economic growth at the end of this part.In Part 3, effect of urban spatial restructuring on economic growth was microcosmicly discussed, consisting of the three aspects, that is how the pattern of land use affects land value and productivity, how the investment spatial resturcturing impacts on factories locating and, and by what means employment spatial restructuring influences the process of labour orientation and the balance of households maximum utility. The microcosmic acting mechanism, in terms of which spatial collocation of input elements of economic growth, such as land, capital and labour force, promotes their using efficiency, were concluded. How urban spatial restructuring impels the transforming of industry structure, employment increasing and the rising of residents'income, were demonstrated from the macro-level in Part 4. Meanwhile, mechanism of achieving the macro objectives of economic growth by means of urban spatial expansion or transformation of spatial structure were presented and dicussed.Empirical study was carried out in Part 5 and 6.In Part 5, Jinan and Qingdao were selected for empirical comparison as the two representative cities exhibiting perceived diversity of urban form characteristics, polycentric groups pattern of Qingdao compared to monocentric pattern of Jinan. Based on GIS and fractal maps, land-population model by allometric law, population density model and productivity distribution model by spatial Gini coefficient, were constructed to describe and measure the difference of various spatial index, such as evolution of urban form, direction, intensity and balanced level of land expansion, and alteration of population and productivity spatial distribution, with the rings of urban spatial restructuring divided. Accordingly, the conclusion of dissimilar tendency of spatial evolution occurring in Jinan and Qingdao, includes the dispersed pattern of Jinan's urban expansion from monocentric pattern to eastern and western groups compared to the compact pattern of Qingdao from polycentric groups to infilling slice expansion, as well as land expanding, population migration and marginalization trend of investment and employment distribution in the two cities.By modeling, the difference of effect of urban spatial restructuring on economic growth were analysed in Part 6. Granger causality test, as well as ADF unit root test and cointegration test, were conducted to testify the exact relationship between urban spatial expansion and economic growth. Then efficiency index of new-developed land and correlation analysis of rate, convergence and output efficiency of land expansion was applied to examine the efficiency of urban expansion. Finally, a spatial econometric model was developed by urban production function assumed to be of Cobb-Douglas form with panel data assembled, and the feasibility of the model was then discussed. We can see that input of land elements plays an important part in increasing output of unit area, and there exists different influence of expanding rate and mode on benefit of land use in built-up area of different parts of the cities. Just in respect to effect of promoting economic growth, the pattern of urban spatial restructuring of Qingdao is more efficient.Part 7 drew a conclusion of the full text. The policy recommendations such as establishing spatial index measuring urban development, reinvesting in neglected regions, promoting more housing and work opportunities encouraging new development in new-expanded areas or redevelopment in already built-up areas, and dividing regions of managing for urban space by regulating district boundaries were provided to manage urban expansion. For example, holistic-slice pattern of urban spatial development should be chosen for certain regions in Qingdao, while the policy of adjusting the structure of land use is more adaptable to Jinan rather than urban expansion. Further problems that need more efforts to solve following the thesis are put forward in the end.