Research On Transformation Of The Coal Resources-based Cities In The Three Provinces Of Northeast China

Supervisor: Professor Shouyi LI, Associate Professor Yingnan Sun The three provinces in Northeast China are rich in resources of coal. With the exploitation of coal resources,many coal industry cities to the formation and development, The scarcity and position constancy of coal resources, have caused the necessity which the industry of coal resources-based cities declines. To achieve these cities'sustainable development and remit the contradiction between social development and the resources, transformation of coal resources-based cities in the northeast three provinces is the best way.This article has followed the basic stand, viewpoint and method on Marxist and the political economics. On the basis of the integrated use of the East and West regional economies theory, the scientific development concept, the resources sustainable development theory and the equilibrium theory. The article has used the qualitative and quantitative analysis. Many analysis methods have conducted to the research on transformation of coal resources-based cities in the northeast three provinces. The paper has summed up the research achievements of domestic and foreign resources-based cities transformation systematically. Has compared with and analyzed the domestic and foreign resources-based cities transformation experience comprehensively. Has given the definition and division standard of resources-based city as follow: Resources-based cities are the cities which rise of the exploitation and mining of mineral and forest resources, and with excavated form the related industries and these industries in the region have played dominant socio-economic roles of the city. In defining the resources-based cities can be used in the process of combining with qualitative and quantitative methods, firstly, identify the mining economy to the city socio-economic development influence to be significant, and occupies the leading industry position, then according to the mining industry accounted for the proportion of the total industrial output value, the value scale of the excavation industry, the excavation industry employees in the proportion of the total number of employees, scale of the excavation industry jobholders, combining these four quantitative indicators can definite resources-based city completely ; has summarized the resources-based city formation and developing processes. This paper points out that due to facing the grim situations, the resources-based cities'transformation becomes the necessity of sustainable development; carry on the analysis forecast to the coal resources supporting to the northeast three provinces coal resources-based cities, the northeast three provinces sustainable mining age is 46 years, the regular production may continue to 2052 by calculation; elaborate the coal resources-based cities regional economies present situations and the existence problems: the urban development has stagnated or even shrunk; the economic output and the financial revenue, the city people living standard, urban sustainable development ability are lower than the national city average level; high unemployment of the resources has been or will soon be depleted cities workers, high rates of the urban poverty population; which result in the social unrest factors continued to increase; analyze the transformation and the revival developing processes of coal resources-based cities in northeast three provinces, carry on the system classification for the first time to the northeast three province coal resources-based cities: according to northeast three province coal resources-based city's different development conditions and the coal resource industry's life cycle, divide these 13 cities(towns) into three categories:three early childhood coal resources-based cities(Qitaihe, Hunchun, Diaobingshan), two young adulthood coal resources-based cities(Shuangyashan, Benxi) and eight old stage resources-based cities (Hegang, Jixi, Baishan, Liaoyuan, Fushun, Fuxin, Nanpiao and Beipiao), pointe out that the northeast three province coal resources-based cities are facing with grim situations of the transformation;has proposed five stages and the characteristics of these cities'industry and the urban development degrees(exploration period, excavation period, mature prosperous period, recession period and transformation period),meanwhile give the regional economies development rules of these cities, the rules are as follow: The northeast three province coal resources-based cities industry extends with the expansion and the promotion and the sustainable development must make all levels of the government to take seriously; The fundamental way to achieve the industrial structure extension and expansion of these cities'industries is by directing resources from the single resources-based mode to the market-oriented multi-industry-led mode, and operation mode from the extensive mode of the initial processing to the intensive mode of the intensive processing; Accelerating the extension and expansion of the coal resources-based cities'industries is the basic strategy to realize these cities'sustainable development; The extension and expansion of coal resources-based cities are based on the comparison superiority of the existing coal resources and the leading industries extend vertically; The ideological guarantee of the transformation is that we should adopt the new resources view, and it is necessary to pay more attention both to the natural resources and human resources, promote the transformation by personnel training superiority; The key factor of the extension and expansion of coal resources-based cities in the three northeastern provinces is the adjustment and transformation of the industrial structure and the dependence on the scientific and technological progress on industrial upgrading; The ultimate goal of the transformation is to achieve sustainable development of these cities. Proposed the basic ideas of the transformation in the northeast three provinces coal resources-based cities, the basic ideas are as follow: Taking the industry restructure as the master line, enhancing the quality and benefit of the economic growth as the center, making efforts to cultivate the new replacement industry, realizes industrial transformation; Doing everything possible to expand employment channels , take solving the mining area staff's lives and the employment question by any means as the important standpoint; Taking the improvement of the environment and ecological restoration as a breakthrough point, improving the human living environment and achieve the economical transformation, the ecological construction and the environmental protection combination; Taking the institutional innovation and opinion innovation as the driving force for the transformation, make efforts to achieve goals of economic transformation and the sustainable development; We should do a good job of the key factors of the transformation, including that: The core of the transformation is development of subsequent industries; The system and mechanism conversions are the transformation keys; The state-owned large and medium-sized enterprises are the main strengths of transformation in northeast three provinces coal resources-based cities, these enterprises must deepen the reform, speed up the development, play the support and lead role; The opening to the outside world degree is low, this becomes the bottleneck factor in the transformation, creating a sustainable environment for development is needed urgently; Structure between the urban and rural is the chief obstacle of the coal resources-based cities transformation in the three provinces in northeast China, we should pay more attention to the county's economic development; The protection of ecological environment is the important topic of the transformation, we should the take comprehensive managements to realizes the person and the nature accord development. The basic principles of the transformation are: combining government promotion with market transformation; combining transformation and system reforming; combining initiative transformation with passive transformation; combining the transformation and the sustainable development. In this paper, I have established the transformation evaluating index system, then proposed 10 pieces specific measures and suggestions which should be adopted in the transformation process of coal resources based cities in northeast three provinces.