Study On The System Of Farmland Joint Stock-Cooperative System In The Balance Rural And Urban Development

The Chinese agriculture has implemented household-based output-related contracted responsibility system which the management responsibility system's fully aroused farmer's production enthusiasm, and impetus our country agriculture's development, has become the symbolic beginning to realize the reform and open policy in our country in the end of 1970's and early of 1980's. Since the end of 1990's, the land property system of rural had a series of complex problem, which has caused the contradictory of rural land system prominent, the agricultural development speeding was slow, and has initiated the question of "agriculture, rural, farmers".The practice indicated that the core and the foundation of all the rural system is the question of land property right, therefore, we must innovate the land property systems to solve the question of "agriculture, rural, farmers". Since China's opening-up and reform, numerous farmers has courageously introduced the modern stock system and carried out creative practice of shareholding co-operative system in process of exploring survival and development, which has been promoting the development of rural productivity as being combined with national conditions especially the rural realities. After the State Council picked up the first trial area for rural shareholding co-operative system reform in 1987, local governments followed up one after another, despite a variety of problems, successes are obvious to people. Fast pace of national industrialization and urbanization has made agricultural resources including land quickly transferred to nonagricultural industries. Collective economy has also been crippled with its assets running off.Although the farmland joint stock-cooperative system raised the efficiency and increased the income, as a system, which also coexisted many unreasonable problems. The farmland joint stock-cooperative system is one important form of stock-cooperative system. Because of the rural land includes the agricultural land and the rural reconstruction land, therefore this article conducts the research from two angles, on the one hand is the countryside agricultural land stock-cooperation. According to the fundamental research as well as the case analysis, discovered that the characteristic of the farmland joint stock-cooperative system, discovered the similarities and differences spots in different level of economic and obtained the condition and the special environment to carry out farmland joint stock-cooperative system in different zones; Through the model building and the theoretical analysis, discovered that the restriction factor of the farmland joint stock-cooperation. The research indicated that the restrict factors include: the countryside land area, the family non-agriculture economic level, the investment of land, the implement the stock-cooperation cost, the own conditions of fanners, the infrastructure level and so on. Based on this, the question of the agricultural stock-cooperative includes that the question of system, the question of property right, the question of stockholder's rights, the question of function, the question of risk and so on. Anyway, the question is between the government, collective and villagers' gambling. The research indicated that we must plan to institutional innovations, the property right be defined, the function and the authority are clear about, the risk to dodge and improving farmer's overall quality as well as the village cadre's management level and business capacity to solves these question;On the other hand is the rural reconstruction land stock-cooperative system. This article to carry on the bold discussion for creating the rural reconstruction land system, for the rural reconstruction land's legitimate circulation, for the reasonable full use countryside homestead, expanding the use of rural reconstruction land and so on. Firstly, the rural collective takes the land to the capital, cooperates the construction low-rent housing with the company, the small property right room and so on, uses in selling certain service life the housing or hiring the housing for a long time through in the urban suburb (including the suburb and the outer suburb); Secondly, the countryside collective abandons the industry and mining land which take to the land reclamation to sell it to government. Because of the rural collective incapable to reorganizes the large-scale construction land, they could utilize the way of stock cooperation to attractive society fund. But the question lies in: First of all, how to rational distributive between the countryside collective and the farmer's income is a difficult problem; Next, the implementation of the method must conform the request of the land utilization overall planning, the city overall planning; Finally, the reform must be respect in the voluntary of farmers. The method to solves these question is that the government must be complete the laws and regulations construction, be clear about the benefit assignment, which is finally safeguard the fanner rights and interests; Moreover, the government must establish the unified indicator system and the market.