The Case Study Of "Energy" Transfer Behavior Of Returnees To Carve Out In Their Hometown

In China, a great of farmers enter into the city to work to earn money, acquire skill and manage capability, as well as accumulate relation networks. In recent years, some of these farmers return their hometown to found factories and corporations. That farmers go back rural areas to crave out has great significance for promoting employment and improving local farmers'income. Farmers return their hometown to develop is one of the courses of labor transformation. Though, there hasn't occurred, in the main labor export regions, considerable size of farmers returning rural areas, we can't neglect the regions where develop well by the return farmers and the case in this study is the one. Return farmers who found enterprises acquire fund, skills and business experiences during terms they working in cities, and they have more abilities than people of average level in rural areas. Well then, how the returnees to lead back and release the fund, skills, capabilities, and so on and transfer what they have accumulated to others to rural areas? What influences they bring to rural areas? The study is approached with these issues. This research is based on micro-individual perspective and selects return enterprisers in Gushi county Henan province as the case. The paper includes six parts.Chapter one introduces the background of the research and the questions to discuss and illustrates the basic concept, research framework, research method, data sources, survey objects, and so on.Chapter two reviews related literatures according to this study. Based on producing factors in economic development theories, the review summaries the influencing approaches and effects to rural areas from return farmers and enterprisers through material capital, human capital and society capital, and then discusses the lack of existing related literatures. According to the discussion, the research perspective and centers are deepened.Chapter three introduces the inquired returnee's'working experiences in cities, based on which their material capital, human capital and society capital accumulated during outside working time are summarized.Chapter four discusses how the returnees transfer their material capital, human capital and society capital and what effects do they bring to other individuals and groups? Then concludes the impacts that return enterprises have on their county.Chapter five analyses the factors which affect the transfer processes and effects of returnee's'material capital, human capital and society capital, such as capital cumulate degree, individual and family factor, industry character, working environment, return motivation, county-level environment and so on.Chapter six sums up the main conclusions firstly, and then points out the insufficiencies and the further research directions of the study.Based on the research, this paper reached the following conclusions:(1) Based on the entropy method, the"energy"of three inquired returnees X1, X2 and X3 is concluded as 0.20, 0.33 and 0.47 respectively. Combining their working courses, it indicates that the more of complex working experiences, self-development degree, especially position changes and founding enterprises independently, the more of the scores of"energy".(2) There are complex individuals and organizations during the transfer courses of"energy"and especially that of the material capital, which includes laborers in the enterprises, individuals based on kindred, local villagers, greengrocers and some puny groups. The transfer courses of material capital appear in the form of money; the spatial transfer courses of human capital focus on more micro-scales of county-filed, which diffuses subtly along with the spatial separate of produce flows and techniques; The transfer courses of society capital exist many uncertainties, including abruptly changes, cannot or having no capability to use valuable relationships and so on.(3) The transfers of material capital create 5.5 times multiplier effect which includes 2.9342 times multiplier effect of parts of material capital that distribute to the county during the period of building enterprises and 4.9578 times multiplier effect when the enterprises are running normally.(4) The transfer of"energy"①changes parts of local rural households'traditional productive and living style to a more market-directed style;②drives the development of local small manufactories and makes more local people mastery one or some skills;③impels the shape of industrial cluster;④accelerates local economy enter the globe production chains and strengthens the relationship to outsides.(5) There are many factors influence the transfer courses and effects, such as the cumulate degree of"energy", the amount of material capital that distributes to the local county (that is the localization coefficient of material capital), local marginal consume tendency, lengths of staying in hometown, vocation character and working places and the county's environment. Educational level has certain impact on the"energy"accumulate velocity, but has no obvious influences to the transfer of"energy". That is, based on the micro-individual survey, educational level has important impact on absorb"energy", but refers to release"energy", may be individual character has more effects.(6) The transfer behavior of return entrepreneurs'"energy"goes with the spatial shift and recombine of global production chains, which may supply references to the industrial development on regional level and the diversion of industrial stratagem on country level.