The Research Of Pattern Of Farming And Stockbreeding And Sustainable Development In Mountain Area Of Southern Ningxia

The article used the literature and on-the-spot investigation method to study the pattern of farming and stockbreeding and sustainable development in mountain area of southern Ningxia. Considering the nature resource, economic and social condition, I analyzed the characteristic, foundation and advantages of this agro-pastoral structure, and used the theories of agricultural system engineering, agricultural economics and agroecology, proposed a sustainable development countermeasure of the farming and animal husbandry compound ecosystem of southern Ningxia region and constructed out three suitable farming and animal husbandry compound patterns in this area. Through the research and analysis, draws following conclusion:1. The farming and animal husbandry compound ecosystem of southern Ningxia region has the following characteristics: The grain yield was very low and unstable, and it was greatly influenced by natural conditions; The agriculture (farming) structure has been converted from the duality of"food crop-economics crop"to the ternary of"food crop-economics crop-forage crop", but the proportion of"food crop-economics crop-forage crop"is still unreasonable, the food crop cover a large proportion, while the resource of forage and feeds has not been taken full use of; Changes of the animal husbandry structure were not obviously, but the proportion of improved variety is not high, the raising management and industrialization level is backward.2. Base on the natural, social and economic condition, I think that it is suitable to develop agro-animal husbandry in southern Ningxia mountain area. And I suggest the following sustainable countermeasures: enlarge the planting scale of artificial grassland (alfalfa) and accelerate the industrialization of forage livestock through adjusting plant structure; perfect the technical service system, and enhance the level of improved variety propagation, epidemic disease prevention and control and management; lead and support excellent agricultural enterprise.3. According to local social economic condition, climate, landform and physiognomy characteristics, I suggested three suitable farming and animal husbandry compound patterns in this area: Liupanshan humid area's"forest + grazing + agriculture"pattern; northern valley plain area's"agriculture + grazing + forest"pattern; eastern hilly and gully area's"grazing + forest + agriculture"pattern[87].4. Through the grey relational grade analysis on household income and plant structure, we consider that there is great potentiality to increasing the income of farmers by plant structure adjusting and coupling of farming and stockbreeding. And I constructed out a suitable farming and animal husbandry compound patterns in Hechuan country, the configuration proportion of agriculture, forest and grazing is 4:2:4. As the aspect of planting, wheat, corn, potato and oilseeds are the main crops; as the aspect of forest, we should develop the economic and ecological forest; and to the pasture land, we can make use of the natural enclosure and conversion cropland to forest and grassland to develop the planting of alfalfa, grass and oat grass.5. To the operating mechanism of cropping-livestock economic system, I hold that the most suitable model for Hechuan country's development is government promoting:"government + educational and research organization + base + leading enterprise".