Study On The Technical System And The Mode Of The Grassland Farming In South Dryland Farming Region Of Ningxia China

The dryland farming areas of the southern part of Ningxia autonomous region includes four counties and one borough of Guyuan city, Haiyuan, Yanchi, and Tongxin counties with a total area of 3.11 ten thousand square kilometer and 2.56 million gross population. It is one of the minority inhabited places, feathers with a higher population density, poor ecological environment and comparatively low individual economic income, as well as a typical arid-farming area of the northern farming-pastoral region in China. Ecological environment reconstruction and society economic development are two antitheses and uniform primary missions on the study about the South Ningxia dryland farming development way in the new era. Based on the inclement ecological environment and natural resources as well as the actuality of agro-development in the south area of Ningxia, we made use of the system of ecological economics and regional economics and the theory of sustainable development, adopted the manifold methods of the comprehensive analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis, induction and illation, a representative study, test and cited of the experimental results and casus analysis. The grassland farming development mode was formed so as to find a way to tackle the harmonious development between ecology and economy, to discuss the optimal dry-land farming developing route in Southern Ningxia, to transform the agriculture growing form, to solve the long-term existed blunders in economic growing, to increase farmers'income and at last to realize the sustainable development of agriculture and rural economies. At the same time, a helpful reference was provided in the development of agriculture and rural economies in the northern farming-pastoral region. In terms of the above problems, the results as follows: 1. Advanced the viewpoint of grassland farming in the south dryland farming region of Ningxia. The dryland farming area in South Ningxia is one critical part of the northern farming-pastoral ecotone in China. Based on the actuality of agro-development in this area, surrounded the imminence of ecological environment reconstruction and economy development, it was provided that the traditional "cereal crops take precedence"idea should be turned to "forages take precedence"in this area. Alfalfa grassland establishment was advocated and it could help to put forward the forage industry. Integrate grass with stockbreeding, buildup the grassland farming ecology system of the unitation of prataculture and stockbreeding. 2. Studied and analyzed the strategic station of grassland farming in the south dryland farming region of Ningxia. The grassland farming is an important character of modern agriculture, which took the stockbreeding and grassland into agricultural system, and integrated the plant production with animal production, grassland with farmland effectively. The forages, especially the leguminous grass as alfalfa is the mostly portions of grassland farming. The establishment of alfalfa grassland was the important way to build up effective ecological environment as well as the improvement ecological environment. The study and advanced of grassland farming system is the available measure to rebuilt "ecological environment –economy"and the desire for modern agriculture in south region of Ningxia. 3. Advanced the strategic way of agriculture sustainable development by building up man-made grassland in the south dryland farming region of Ningxia. Alfalfa, shortly called "clover", is a widely planted forage which also praised as "the king of the forages"due to its high ecological and economic value. Because of the poor ecological environment and natural resources in south of Ningxia province, more attention should be put on the ecological environment rebuild and economy development. So based on the ecological and economic value of the grassland farming which is mostly made up of the alfalfa, using the theory of agro-ecology and ecological economics etc and the business instrumentality of agricultural industrialization, actualizing the integrative model of prataculture and stockbreeding, were the strategic ways to upgrade the industry of agriculture and rural economy. They were also the necessary choice to actualize the sustainable development and optimize the structure of agriculture and rural economy by developing the industries of grass livestock production and exploiting the industrial chain energetically in this area. 4. Studied and built the development mode of grassland farming in the south dryland farming region of Ningxia. The problem of the grassland agriculture sustainable development in south area of Ningxia province is the one of agricultural industrialization management The theory of grassland farming grows from fragile ecological environment area and has a short development period. So it still has no systematical conception and mode for industry development. Based on the developmental achievement of ecological agriculture and the condition of agriculture production, three mode of grassland farming were advanced as follow: The first one is prataculture production. In this mode, the mode of "family pasture under the system of fixed output obligation to households", "the integrative model of prataculture(草业) and stockbreeding"and "1345 prataculture(草业)　project of Ningxia"were mainly built up. The second one is grass crops system. Based on the retrospection of grassland agricultural development, mostly raised rotated mode of grass crops system as "the alfalfa (six years) —crops (millet, spring wheat, benne and potato etc) —crops (spring wheat, potato, millet and benne etc) —the alfalfa". The third one is dry land water-saving farming. The water-saving agriculture project mode as micro-water collecting was emphasesly studied. And the projects of changing slope into terrace, earth furrow farming technology and micro-water collecting project were suggested widely extent. 5. Advanced grading development thoughts and system innovation of agricultural industrialization management in south dryland farming area of Ningxia province. It just studies the development problem of agricultural industrialization finally to study agriculture. The south dryland farming region of Ningxia is different from the other areas, where has comparatively unique characteristic of nation and geographical resource. In terms of the natural resources and social economical conditions, the basic framework of grassland farming and grading development thoughts of "hatch time", "pullulation time"and "maturation period"were advanced. According to the character of the three steps, it is suggested to enforce the different development modes for agricultural industrialization management. The government impellent model, namely "government + leading corporation + (scientific research organization) + farmers"at pullulation time; The economy driver model, namely "leading corporation + demonstration farmer + farmers"at pullulation time; The industry driver model, namely "groups of leading corporation + chamber of farmer commerce (medi-organization) + production base + farmers"at maturation period. Especially at the maturation period, it was advanced the concept of "groups of leading corporation"which was brought into system of agricultural industrialization management for the first time. The concept also conquered the system objection of agricultural industrialization management from theory and practice. The mode of "Groups of Leading Corporation"also tackled the interest mechanism matter and exploitative risk of the farmer dependent on the corporation or the corporation dependent on the farmer. 6. Built technical support system of grassland farming in south dryland farming area of Ningxia province. The successful decisive factor of the grassland farming is the man-made alfalfa grassland in south area of Ningxia province. The objective of the study is to research the development techniques of the highly effective grassland agriculture, increase yields, promote the development of livestock breeding and finally fashion a unique ecological environment –economy model of grassland farming through agricultural industrialization. therefore, This research focuses on relevant technical research of construction of artificial meadow of alfalfa, research and propose to make agricultural district alfalfa around April 30 in artificial best sowing time in the man-made alfalfa grassland in this area; Draw in district this applying fertilizer gradient and applying fertilizer mode to be unsuitable to take the high way of applying fertilizer through test, nitrogen phosphorus overall to apply fertilizer range of quantity should fix on urea 30-60kg/hm2, superphosphate 300kg/hm2; According toexperimental result of study, adopt farmland micro-water-collected plant technology, it is district this that raise effective measure, alfalfa of economic flow rate a little; Compare and analyses through different crop rotation way at the same time, the cycle for crop rotation of grass grain should adopt alfalfas to grow the sixth year and begin to implement crop rotation with the crops in this area. Because of the above research, structure and rely mainly on cultivation technique of artificial meadow of the alfalfa, the drought does water-saving technology is the auxiliary, agricultural technology system of meadow as the basic cropping system of grain wheel of grass. Because of the above research, is it rely mainly on cultivation technique of artificial grassland of the alfalfa, drought make water-saving technology auxiliary, grass grain wheel as basic agricultural technology system of meadow of cropping system. 7. Advanced the development stratagem and steps of the grassland farming in south dryland farming area of Ningxia province. Based on the basic framework of industry and the technical support system of grassland farming, a comparably concrete strategic development idea was advanced. Firstly, the grassland farming is the demand for ecological environment rebuild and economy development, the important way to transform agriculture increasing mode and increase farmer'income, and the fundamentality outlet to get rid of poverty in south dry land farming area of Ningxia province. Secondly, the principia, way and modus operandi of the grassland farming were expatiated in south dry land farming area of Ningxia province. It should establish the correlation measures and countermeasures of benefit partition guarantee mechanism and compensation partition mechanism between the enterprise and farmers if we develop the grassland farming ecological economy in this area. Thirdly, the agricultural chain was proposed in the conversion of cropland into grassland. In the severe arid dry land farming area, feathered with over farming and soil and water erosion, the prataculture(草业) and stockbreeding development and the buildup of agricultural chain were the necessary way to realize agriculture benefit increase. Fourthly, it was suggested that the local government should support and develop the leading enterprise energetically, make the grassland farming to develop healthily in this area. In the guide of market economy, the industrialization developmental mode of "leading corporation (groups) + chamber of farmer commerce (medi-organization) + production base + farmers"should be proposed in order to quest for the new way of the agricultural industrialization. Next, the grass-crops rotation system, micro-water collecting and water-saving technologies should be spread energetically in these area so as to increase the agricultural integrative output and farmer's income. Finally, it is advised to develop the demonstration project of grassland ecological agriculture actively and build the green quality brand of characteristic agriculture. Encircling the center of the integrative prataculture(草业) and stockbreeding model and characteristic farming industry, the local government should support a representative demonstration seriously in some suitablearea. The buildup of some eco-economic demonstration area would help to develop the ecological agriculture of circumjacent area, and finally to realized the aim of the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in the South dry land farming area of Ningxia province.