The International Comparison And Experiences On Old-age Insurance System

Old-age insurance is one kind of social security system that implemented all around the world. Its purpose is to protect the basic living needs of the elderly, to provide stable and reliable source of life. In the world, in order to involving the problem of elderly, western countries have established old-age insurance system with characteristics based on their national conditions. With the trend of ageing became more and more obvious increasingly, reforming the old-age insurance system have become a formidable challenge every countries have faced to, so that all public have the sense of security. China as a nation has largest population should attach importance to the old-age insurance system reform and improve. There is no accumulated fund when Chinese old-age insurance system establishment, in the 1990s's retirement reform, the system from old presently takes cash pays change to the new part accumulation system. But transfers is must pay a price, when new system building, the retired worker and the active staff individual account have not accumulated before the new system implementation, the transformation forms historical gap of individual accounts. Along with the degree of china aging of population aggravating, the old-age revenue and expenditure gap assumes the tendency of enlarging. We should take measures to realize superannuation fund accumulation in advance. Otherwise, we will face the more difficulties at the peak time of population old age. It is estimated that our country will face the peak of aging populations in 2010-2020. Under such background, analyzing the old-age insurance system's practice and summarizing the precious international experience of western countries has the strong enlightenment significance to reform and perfect old-age insurance system in china.The full text altogether divides into four chapters. The first chapter is introduction. Including raising the question, theoretical and practical significance of the issue, status review, research framework, ideas and methods, innovations and shortcomings, etc. The second chapter is introduction of the old-age insurance system on the current world. As a result of the social system, the economic development level as well as the social culture tradition's difference, various countries' establishment's old-age insurance system is also different. Looking over the old-age insurance systems, in some countries, they can be classified to four types, insurance-funded, mandatory savings, welfare nation and national co-ordination old-age insurance system. The third chapter is international comparison of the old-age insurance system basic elements. The basic elements include policy direction comparison, management type, fund sources and financial mechanism, pension payment and coverage range, implementation way. Because various countries adopted different form in these base elements, the old-age insurance system was infinitely varied. This part gives a deep difference comparison about old-age insurance system's base element of western major country. The fourth chapter is problem of the old-age insurance system in china and the experience from the west. Main problems with old-age insurance system of china are system coverage range is excessively narrow, old-age insurance individual account runs with air accounts, contradiction of pension income and expense is gradually outstanding, absence of old-age insurance management and supervision mechanism, huge pressure of old age peak to old-age insurance system. Combining the actual situation of our country and the experiences and lessons from the international old-age insurance, we propose some suggestions to consummate old-age insurance system in china. Establishing a multi-level old-age insurance system; establishing individual account reasonably; exploring various fund raising ways; perfecting fund investment mechanism; determining the level of old-age insurance rationally; innovating old-age insurance management way; establishing a multi-level old-age insurance fund supervision system.According to need, this paper use mainly collecting and reviewing the literature, systems analysis, comparative analysis, and other research methods. We believed that the old-age insurance is a complicated system, it be composed policy direction comparison, management type, fund sources and financial mechanism, pension payment and coverage range, implementation way. This article embarks from the system principle, unifying history and reality, taking the domestic scholar's research results as the foundation, giving a deep difference comparison about old-age insurance system's base element of major country, and then discussing our country old-age insurance system's perfect issue.This article makes every effort to have innovation in following three aspects: First, on the foundation of defining the meaning of old-age insurance, clarifying the old-age insurance system four types and characteristics. Second, in accordance with the basic elements of the major western countries old-age insurance, compare old-age insurance of major western countries comprehensively and systematically. Third, for the main problems of China's current pension insurance system, learning from the success experience of foreign old-age insurance, to for a number of policy proposing some suggestions to improve China's old-age insurance system.