| It is a considerably long process for the shaping of the seaside mudflat in the northern part of Jiangsu province. From New Stone Age to the Han and Tang Dynasties, the filling up speed of the mudflat was comparatively slower, although it became apparently quick after the second year of Jianyan era of Nansong Dynasty, when the Yellow River changed its river way into the Huai River, and had been gradually evolved into the current situation almost before the end of Qin Dynasty. The land resource in the area of mudflat of north Jiangsu province is comparatively abundant, where the weather condition is satisfactory . Together with the flatness of land and good quality of soil, it provides good natural conditions for land reclamation and breed aquatics.The land reclamation and cultivation in the seaside area of north Jiangsu province have a considerably long history which can be traced back to 5, 000 years ago. Even though the scale, content and so on of the exploitation was gradually kept expanded all through those dynasties of Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Ming and Qing, a scheduled large-scaled exploitation really in modern sense was commenced since the period from the end of Qing Dynasty to the early stage of Republic of China, when national capitalists, bureaucrats, landlords and merchants of whom Zhangjian was normally regarded as a representative stirred an upsurge of mudflat exploitation in northern Jiangsu province by establishing reclamation and pasture company in order to change the economic mode form agriculture to industry. The emergence of such situation was absolutely not occasional; on the contrary there were profound political, economic and other reasons in the rear. As to the political aspect, the governments of Qing Dynasty and Republic of China abolished the policy of exploitation ban instead of admitting and encouraging reclamation or plantation of seaside mudflat through the promulgation of regulation because of some reasons. As to the economic aspect, the lag and high cost of salt processing, decline of traditional salt industry, numerous needs for crude cotton because of development of national textile industry, together with the low price of land, as a synthesized result of all these factors, it was made a profitable enterprise for the reclamation and cultivation primarily based on cotton plantation. Further more, as to the natural aspect, the extension of mudflat area because of eastward moving of coastline and the filling up acceleration of seaside mudflat, also provided direct conditions for the reclamation and development.As a new kind of business organization, cultivation and pasture companies established a temporally and regionally characteristic business management pattern in the aspects of capital financing, purchase and acquisition of land, constructing of organization and so on. At the initial stage of the establishment of the salt and cultivation companies, the company capital financing was implemented through such 3 ways as investment of shareholder, down payment of lease and loan. Every salt and reclamation company was run in the form of limited liability Corporation Company through a way of distribution by float rent plus dividend.Afterwards, the reclamation and pasture companies implemented a series of planed construction projects of farmland irrigation works, which in a certain degree helped to resist the raids of floods, waterlog, tides to the cultivated agriculture area, notwithstanding that plenty of problems still existed because of various reasons in most irrigation works of the reclamation and pasture companies which should be nevertheless acknowledged by us. As to the farmland cultivation, the reclamation and pasture companies organized peasants to implement soil improvement in consideration of the situation of the high salt ratio of the soil in the salt and cultivation area in north Jiangsu province, and also carried out a selective nursery of top-quality cotton seeds through active adoption of advanced science and technology in order to elevate the yield amount of cotton. The cotton markets were activated in north Jiangsu province as a result of the large-scaled increasing of cotton production output.However, the cotton market was disordered by degrees after the emergence of such venture conducts as sales of fake goods as genuine ones by merchants. Under this circumstance, cotton ginning factories and cotton cooperation union established in the seaside cultivation area of north Jiangsu province played an active role.With the deep progress of exploitation, the seaside mudflat area in north Jiangsu province changed hugely with quick developments in economic, culture, and education areas. The exploitation is organizational and scheming, but some problems exit as well as which mainly include capital shortage, the corruption of company administration and so on . All these can provide a good many elicitations for the current cultivation of seaside mudflat in north Jiangsu province. |
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