The Problem As Well As Its Solution Of China's Rural Public Goods Provision

In recent years,the problem of the "farmer,village and agriculture" has already become the new focus that the society has paid close attention in our country.The imbalance between supply and demand of rural public goods plays an important role in the above questions,which is a unique difficult historicalproblem in the period of Chinese system transition at present and the special national conditions that china is in the middle period of industrialization.At present,not only on the total amount but also on the structure the supply and demand contradiction of our country's rural public goods is very outstanding,and the effective supply is serious insufficient,especially after the reform of the rural expenses of taxation which dimpled the financial balance gap of country township to strengthen protruding the supply difficulty of peasant essential public goods,such as education,medical treatment,social security,rural information service and so on,demand urgently to discuss the way of solving.In order to achieve the balance between supply and demand of public goods in rural areas, reduce the burden on farmers,promote agricultural development and rural economic prosperity,this paper is based on the theory of public goods in rural areas,and by researching the supply and demand of our country's public goods in rural areas,the underlying causes of imbalance between supply and demand is analyzed,and then the strategies to address this imbalance is explored.The paper is divided into five parts.The first part introduces the writing background and significance,the domestic and foreign research actualities,the main research contents and research method.About the research of the demand of rural public goods,scholars have focused on the total amount and the structure of public goods in rural areas,but the studies on the level feature,diversity and regional feature are few.Many scholars have researched the supply of rural public and focused on the amount,structure,efficiency and fairness of the supply.About the imbalance of supply and demand,the research on provision mechanism of rural public goods is prevailing.Research has carried out mainly from the following four aspects:First, non-standard provision system of public goods.Second,the "top-down" provision decision-making mechanism of public goods.Third,public finance system and financing system is unreasonable.Fourth,lack of provision funds supervision system of the rural public goods.But few of scholars studied the reasons from the demand aspect which lead to the imbalance,fewer of them combined the supply and demand to analysis.In the following,this part introduc.ed the main research contents and methods of this paper.The second part expatiates on the theory of public goods and rural public goods. A public goods is a goods that is non-rivaled and non-excludable,its main characters are non-competitive of consumption,non-exclusive of proceeds,indivisibility of utility,externalization.Rural public goods are the public goods in rural areas.In addition to the common public goods characters,it has some particularity,such as the concentration of cost,diversity and multi-stratification,decentralization,inefficiency and So on.The public goods and rural public goodscan be divided into different categories according to different standard.This paper pays more attention to classification of pure public goods and quasi-public goods which are divided by whether it has fully non-competitive and non-exclusive or not,and on this basis this paper points out the different law and adjustment mechanism of supply and demand. Pure public goods should be provided by governments,but the suppler of quasi-public goods should be diversified.Non-profit organizations,enterprises and individuals should be encouraged to provide quasi-public goods.For the aspect of the demand of public goods,because economic entities from different region and different economic levels or different income have different structure and level demand to public goods, we should pay attention to the difference of the structure,level and region to achieve the structure balance.The third part analyzes the supply and demand situation and the balance situation of our country's rural public goods.Through the analysis of provision situation of rural public goods,the problems are sum up as:the total amount is serious shortage, structure is irrational,supply system is imperfect,and supply is unfair and inefficient. The characters of the demand are:the total demand is increasing,variety and multi-level,regional difference,the farmer's non-complete and non-rational display. In the following this part analyses the balance situation and sums up the problems in the rural public good:the imbalance of amount,structure and regional,imperfect mechanism of supply and demand.Based.on the study of last part,the forth part analyzes the imbalance reasons from both demand and supply aspects.Provision reasons are:irrational provision system of rural public goods which is caused by urban-rural dual structure;The efficiency of supply is affected by the top-down decision-making mechanism of the supply of public goods in rural areas;Rent-seeking behavior is caused for the government as the single monopoly supplier;The absence,authority exceeding and dislocation of the relevant departments is caused by ambiguous division of provision responsibilities and ineffective supervision;Unreasonable provision financial system in rural areas. The reasons for the demand aspect are:The scarcity of preferences show mechanism leads to the real demand of farmers can not be reflection;the lack of effective information communication and decision-making participation mechanism;the farmers as the demand side can not play a dominant role in provision decision-making.The fifth part points out some policy recommendations to solve the imbalance between supply and demand of Chinese rural public goods.The imbalance of demand and supply of our country's rural public goods is formed through the accumulated process during the recent decades.In order to solve this problem we should learn from past experiences and lessons.First of all,we should set up a mechanism to resolve the contradictions of supply and demand:Set up appropriate provision decision-making procedures and demand expression mechanisms,so that the wishes of the farmers can be fully expressed;improve the supplier selection mechanism.Because of the diversity and multi-level of rural public goods,we should choose different suppliers for different public to ensure the efficiency of supply;Build up multi-center fund-raising mechanism,the Specific measures are:In order to make the township government become a independent supplier,the central government should strengthen the transfer payment system of public goods in rural areas,and the provincial and municipal governments should balance the power property and obligation;In order to resolve the rent-seeking and inefficient problem,we should improve supervision and restraint mechanism of the public goods provision in rural areas.This part gives supporting reform measures to resolve the imbalance in the following:Built up administration cultural which is guided by the concept of scientific development and building harmonious society;Increase government financial input to ensure the supply of public goods in rural areas;Strengthen the system construction to promote the reform and improve public goods provision system;strengthen the internal process management.At last,establish the diversified supply system of rural public goods.