Economic Analyses Of The Difficulties In Obtaining Employment For College Students In China

With the employment institution of college graduates reform, the college graduates in China is transferring from planned assigning jobs into choosing jobs on one's own initiative under the condition of the market economy and gradually forming a new employment mechanism of bilateral choices between the graduates and the employers. The colleges and universities expand their enrollment of students since 1999, the number of job seekers has grown rapidly, and the problem that the college students have difficulties in obtaining employment has come into being. The employment of college students gets a general concern from all the sectors of the society. This article will discuss the employment issue of college students.Firstly, set forth the general theory of employment briefly. To obtain employment is to be engaging in a paid job. Unemployment refers to those who don't have a job and are looking for one. Labor force refers to all together those who are employed and unemployed. Those who have no job but are unwilling to get one are not belonging to a part of labor force. The unemployment rate is the ratio of the unemployed to the total labor force population. The employment rate is the ratio of the employees to the total labor force population. The employment rate of college graduates is different from the general one and there are two methods of calculation mainly. The first method is to calculate with the ratio of the number of signatories and those go on further study to the total number of college graduates that year at a certain time (for example, Sep.1 or Dec.31 of that year). This is the general method for official statistics. The second method is to calculate with the number of employees divided by the number of people who take part in the employment, it refers to the ratio of this year's employed graduates to the labor force of this year's graduates. The labor force of this year's graduates refers to the total number of the employed graduates and those who want to find a job but haven't found it. Personally I think the second method is more rational.Secondly, the current employment situation of college graduates. In recent years the employment rate of college graduates is relatively low, there cropped up a problem that the college graduates having difficulties in getting a job. Besides the overall difficulties, there are some other partial problems. For instance, the employment rate of the ordinary college graduates is generally lower than the prestigious college graduates; the differences between educational levels are significant; non-technical graduates are more difficult than technology-based graduates in obtaining a job; the regional discrepancies of employment are relatively obvious; the census registration discrimination, gender discrimination etc. still exists. The income of college graduates is uneven, most of whose income is less than expected; there's a big gap between the expected work post and the actual post. These also show that the college graduates have difficulties in obtaining employment.Thirdly, the cause of the difficulties in finding a job for college graduates in China. Imbalance between supply and demand leads to the difficulties. The total number of college students' increases rapidly of the late years, the general employment situation continues to be tense. The general labor force supply exceeding demand can't be changed in a short time, the severe conditions of imbalance between supply and demand cause the cardinal framework of the difficulties in getting employment. The imbalanced structure between supply and demand brings about the structural contradiction in getting employment of college graduates. Judging from the current national employment situation of college graduates, on one hand, graduates can not find a job, on the other hand, the employers can not find a suitable talented person, so the structural contradiction crops up. The number of college students is increasing but the quality hasn't kept up, it has made an impact on employment. At the end of the last century, Chinese higher educational domain carried out two tasks of far-reaching influence. First, the enrollment scale of colleges and universities expand substantially. Second, some colleges and universities had whipped the wave of merger and specification-upgrading, integration trend were much strengthened. University expansion beyond its own, but it must go on step bys step and carry forward steadily while the various teaching resources growing simultaneously. As a result of expansion increasing by a big margin and the fast-growing quantity of college students since the end of the last century, it indeed creates a bad impact on employment. However, this kind of impact is not simply due to the increased supply of university graduates, it also because the various teaching resources can't increase at the same pace while the expansion growing rapidly, so that the quality of cultivating college students reduces.At the same time, some colleges and universities lack the sense of competition, innovation and the market awareness. Their educational philosophy is not clear, the teaching content is outmoded. They can't bring the up-to-date information of social development into teaching system in time and can not link up the social curriculum resources and teaching resources in an effective way. They don't pay great attention to cultivate the creative ability and practical ability of the students. All these factors result in the graduates of high marks and low ability, poor professional quality and the lack of comprehensive ability. They couldn't meet the needs of the society. The university graduates in a wide rang of homogeneity, no difference lead to their difficulties in obtaining employment.The imperfect employ guidance systems, the discrepancy between self-positioning of college students and the market-positioning, the existing household registration system and social security system etc. will also affect the employment of university students. Fourthly, the solution to the tough employment situation of college graduates.1. Maintain mutual promotion and mutual coordination between the development of the universities and the economy. The faster the economy develops, the more demand for labor force, the more so as the demand for college students. Now our country is putting forward a policy to promote the economy developing well and rapidly, it can also provide the college graduates with a favorable environment. At the same time, the enrollment increasing-margin of colleges and universities continues to decline. It mitigates the difficulties in obtaining employment to a certain extent.2. Carry out structural reform so that the universities and colleges can adapt to the changes in the market and cultivate the high-quality talents suitable for the needs of economy and social development. Solve the structural contradiction of employment and improve the quality of university students. Set store by the teaching personnel and do a good job of teaching. Establish a marketing concept and emphasize the marketing of "products".3. Establish a scientific mechanism for the employment guidance and raise the popularity of graduates in the market. In addition, improve employment-related laws and regulations, standardize the employment market, optimize the systematical environment and oppose the employment discrimination, so that the college graduates will truly have an equal employment opportunity to head for marketisation and legalization.