Research On Development Zone Management Modes In China

The development zone always is the economic growth point and front runner of the area by right of the preferential fiscal and tax policies and the low-price land resources. China has already officially entered into the WTO, the management orientation of development zones after the WTO accession will decide the development situation of development zones. The existing various advantages of domestic development zones are gradually weakened and the competition of investment environment has already changed from hardware construction to software-environment construction. The existing development zone management modes have not already adapted for the requirement of sound and fast economic development by now, even some management modes have restricted economic development. Therefore, we will study and research on the problems of development zone management modes to break through the barriers that restrict the development of development zones as quickly as possible, to truly joint the world, to integrate with the process of economic globalization and to further grow in strength.By categorizing the management modes of domestic partial development zones and taking the case of Changchun City, the article seriously summarizes the short of various types of development zone management modes. Meanwhile, with the aid of consulting a great deal of materials and literatures and taking well-established development zones at home and aboard as an example, the article also analyzes and summarizes their successful experience, which can be used for reference to develop and perfect the development zone management modes in China.Part I: Connotation, meaning and modes of development zone management in China. The development zone management is a public management behavior, it has public power. The development of development zones is very important for the development of domestic economy, and it gives a vigorous boost to the Chinese economic development. Taking a general view of most of development zones, the management modes can be generally summed up in four types, i.e. management by management committee, management by company, mixed management and management by Sino-foreign cooperation.Part II: Research on actuality of development zone management modes in China. The development of domestic development zones has excessively expanded at one time, but the quantity of development zones and the area of land development have been controlled effectively after cleaning and rectifying by the country in 2006. After the features and disadvantages for four types of development zone management modes are analyzed, by taking the case of Changchun development zones again, the development history of existing bigger development zones in Changchun City is reviewed, and then, based on the actual situation in Changchun City, combined with the economic development scale in Changchun and the circumstances of main industrial chain, the development zone management modes are researched. Several problems that need to be further discussed are summarized from the above: ( 1 ) Administrativization of management modes, strong government and weak companies; (2) Development companies can not be operated normatively, which can not obtain the effect on management and financing; (3) Diversification of management functions, gradual expansion of management organizations; (4) Lack of the participation and management from research institutions of universities. Meanwhile, the above problems' causes are researched and summed up as follows: ( 1 ) The development of development zones in Changchun City started late. Compared with the development foundation for development zones in developed areas, the development foundation for Changchun development zones has very big gap; (2) By using the"abnormal"procedures to get rapid development. By taking advantage of the government's preference to handle special cases with special methods and to be in charge of the whole show for the business functions of development companies; (3) There are no rules and regulations about the establishment and functions of development zones in Changchun City, which faces development zones with a lawless awkward situation; (4) Ignoring of the power of knowledge capital, no cooperation consciousness. There is no joint cooperation between development zone companies and universities with capability to form research institutions to transform knowledge into productivity.Part III: Practices and enlightenment of the development zone management modes from overseas and Taiwan region. With the further internationalization of the Chinese economy, a variety of development zones are facing with different kinds of new development opportunities and new challenges. In such a case, it is necessary that the advanced development zones worldwide are compared and used for reference, and thus which can provide experience for the second round of business-establishment of development zones in China. The article takes the objects of Chinese Taiwan Hsin Chu, Jurong of Singapore and Silicon Valley in the USA to make a comprehensive analysis, and thus some helpful enlightenment about the development zone management in China is found out: (1) The role of the government is very important. The most active productivity will be produced by combining the government's"visible hands"with the market's"invisible hands", and the government also is the powerful strength to enhance the cooperation between business circle and education and scientific research institutions. (2) Different management modes adapt for different development stages. Euro-American countries mainly adopt the form of nongovernmental management, and the government only controls that by policies, laws and regulations. However, some Asian-countries take the government management as the main means, and nongovernmental organizations generally do not participate in management. (3) The organization principle"minimum institution, maximum service"will be adopted on management system. Small and competent management organizations shall be formed and the roles and responsibilities of organizations shall be defined.Part IV: some thinking in respect of the development of development zone management modes in China. By preliminarily researching on the development zone management modes in China and using the development modes of successful development zones worldwide for reference, the article addresses four pieces of thinking: (1) the government and companies shall be separated and the government functions shall be transformed, the management modes that conform with the law of market economy shall be established. (2) On the theoretical basis of the scientific outlook on development, by placing emphasis on long-term effective mechanism, a coordinated and developmental management system shall be established. (3) The legal orientation of development zones shall be given as soon as possible, the nature of development zones shall be defined and the status of managerial personnel of development zones shall be defined. (4) According to the development status of development zones, a variety of management modes shall be integrated, which can strengthen the capacity of independent innovation of development zones and boost the competitiveness. In the meantime, the"going out and introducing in"development mode are put forward for the development of development zones in Changchun City.The author hopes that the article can be helpful for development zone management modes and can provide some reference for the transition of development zone management modes so as to maintain a sustained, rapid and sound development of development zones as well as to make a contribution towards"second round of business-establishment".