The Evolution, Experiences And Lessons Of The Regulatory Policy Reform Of Electric Industry

Electric industry is the basic industry of the national economic development, is also the important industry of the people's livelihood. Because of the character of natural monopoly, electric industry in many countries has been under the control of the government and kept the structure of vertical integration for a long time. After the 70's of last century, the economy grows in a high speed, so the electric price and capacity under strict control cannot meet the demand of growth of national economy. Under this background, started from the developed countries, the electric industry reform covered many parts of the world.The electric reform of our country also began at this background, after the opening and reform, the reform of electric industry mean to breakup the model of planned development, it went through the period of "diversity the main body in the electric generation field", the period of "separate government functions from enterprise management", and the period of "break up the monopoly, bring in the competition, perfect the mechanism of electric price, optimize the resource allocation, promote the development of electric industry, push forward the networking, build a electric market system which is independent, fair and open under the regulation of the government"Actually, the electric reform of our country has went through 30 years, the "The separation of the electric plant and grid" has almost come true, the tendency of competition has been existed in the electric generation side." The separation of the electric grid and distribution "has been proposed. At this moment, it is meaningful to review the whole procedure of regulatory policy reform of electric industry of our country.This paper took the proposal of "The separation of the electric grid and distribution" as background, to review and systemize the historical trace of the inform of regulatory policy of electric industry. Based on the systemize and review, I will give a general comments on the performance of each period of the electric reform."The separation of the electric plant and grid" had been finished in 2007.the performance of this reform is the focus of the society. this paper take use of the date of electric industry from1993-2007,to do a linear-regression analysis of the performance of "The separation of the electric plant and grid", through this analysis, we can get aware of how reform of "The separation of the electric plant and grid" affect the electric capacity, price and the efficiency. The result shows that the policy of "The separation of the electric plant and grid" has great effect on the electric capacity, they have positive relation; has few effect on electric price, but their relation is still positive; has great negative relation with the efficiency of the industry. This conclusion make a lot of sense, we can say that "optimize the relation of coal and power" and "reduce the efficiency loss after the vertical separation of electric industry" is the key point of the next step of reform.Based on the review of reform path and the positive analysis of the electric regulatory policy, this paper sum up the experiences and lessons of the Chinese electric reform, include the experiences and lessons about the market structure, the regulation of the price, and the main body and main content of the electric industry regulation, further, I give some suggestions on the electric reform.