Reasons And Influences Of The Changes In National Savings Structure In China

Recently, high savings in China causes conflict between high investment and low consumption, in result, social economy is hard to maintain fast developing trend. The changes in national savings structure are responsible for the high savings problem. To solve the problem, reasons and influences of the changes in national savings structure have to be studied.In the beginning, the trend of changes in savings structure is discussed. And it is pointed out that basic character of Chinese savings structure during the years from 1997 to 2005 is the difference between rapid increase of governmental sector and enterprise sector and the slow increase of citizen sector. Then, the savings condition of governmental sector, enterprise sector and citizen sector are analyzed from the perspective of disposable income and consumptive expenditure, in order to find out the reasons and influences of the changes in savings structure of each sector. For governmental sector, increase of disposable income and the corresponding decrease of consumptive expenditure result in rapid increase of its savings, and thereby not only affect the proportion of social consumption to investment but also cause unbalance between social consumption and investment. For enterprise sector, the high savings is due to the unsmooth capital finance way, the increase of fixed assets depreciation, as well as the unreasonable price of labor, capital, and resource. The harmful effects of high savings on social economy development are shown as surplus production, unhealthy economic growth mode, which will influence citizen consumption demand of citizen sector indirectly. For citizen sector, slow increase of savings is caused by several factors, such as slow increase of disposable income, wide wealth gap, insufficient consumption, low savings rate, etc. Thereby, savings resource allocation efficiency is reduced and social consumption capability is restrained. In conclusion, the unbalance of savings structure leads to high investment and low consuming of the whole social economy. In the end, to solve this problem the thesis advocates increasing disposable income of citizens, converting governmental financial function, accelerating taxation reform, improving the profit distribution system of enterprises, and deepening reform of the distribution system to improve the current national savings structure.