The Research On The Rural Social Ecological Environment In The Context Of Urbanization

In China's modernization process to achieve prosperity, Chinese peasants, agriculture and rural areas paid a huge cost and made great sacrifices, which caused the occurrence of problems about agriculture, rural areas and peasantry. Since the reform and opening up more than thirty years ago, the central government has increased the inputs in rural areas, and a series of preferential agricultural policies have been implemented gradually, and in January 2003, the Central Rural Work Conference decided to solve the problems about agriculture, rural areas and peasantry as the "top priority" of the party's work, in order to strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructures, increase the income of the peasants and improve the rural production and living environment continuously. At the same time, under the national "wealth" policy, economic rationality dominates the rural economic and social development in all aspects and a series of new problems that constrained rural development have been brought about. Through the social ecological model this research studied the Chinese rural society, analyzed the impact and influence of the national development strategy of urbanization on rural social ecological environment from the urban-rural interaction perspective, and made a comprehensive study of rural economic ecological environment, rural political ecological environment and rural cultural ecological environment, then analyzed the effect of the national preferential agricultural policies which supported and benefited agriculture from the practical effect.Based on reading lots of papers and documents about urbanization and the problems about agriculture, rural areas and peasantry, this study used research methods such as literature method, interviews and field survey, to study LZ village of Hebei Province which is located in Huabei Plain as a case study. Through serious and complete field survey about this village, this research studied the rural social ecological environment in the dynamic study, and thus to study the underlying problems in the rural economic and social development, so that this study was not only more scientific, but also made the conclusions more comprehensive and representative.This study reached the following conclusions:First, under the policy aiming at promoting agricultural production and peasants'incomes, peasants increased their incomes, agriculture has continued for many years harvest, and rural production and living conditions have been greatly improved. However, because to promote the industrialization and urbanization still needed the rural areas to provide food, construction land, cheap labor and vast domestic market, protection of cultivated land in rural areas is facing severe challenges, peasants need to boost enthusiasm for growing grain, peasants still have depressed wages for migrant workers, and the process of the national household appliances accelerated the loss of the fund in countryside. Therefore, China is only declared into a new era of co-ordination of urban and rural areas in which "industry nurturing agriculture and cities support the countryside".Second, when the country's reform and development entered a crucial period, in order to maintain national stability and social order, the government will purchase the peasants through preferential policies and increase the grass-roots efforts to reconcile the contradictions so that the government can strengthen the control of rural areas, while the peasants whose cultural qualities and democratic consciousness has been greatly improved will inevitably intensify the anti-control. And a fundamental solution lies in the Government to construct effective mechanism through which the peasants can have channel to express their interests. The government also should implement and maintain the interests of peasants better and change from the control-oriented government to a service-oriented government.Third, by the social development and technological progress, the peasants have the condition to share the outcome of the cultural development with the city people, television, film, radio, mobile phones and other advanced and modern media has enriched their spiritual and cultural life of the peasants. However, these modern media will also bring the strong urban culture and ideals to them, especially the culture of consumerism thoroughly uprooted the peasants from the traditional culture soil, but the reality did not provide them with adequate opportunities and conditions for consuming. Only we respect the rural traditional culture, can we make the peasants acquire the mean and value of life when they share the fruits of modernization.Fourth, building a new socialist countryside, we should really treat the peasants as the main body, "taking less, giving more and deregulation," protect the interests of the peasants, and create a platform for dialogue on equality between urban and rural areas to achieve the positive interaction between urban and rural areas.