Research On The Technical Barriers To Trade And The Soybean Industrial Security Of China

With the tendency of the economic globalization, China's soybean industry is opening up further and further. During this process, security situation of China's soybean industry continues to decline, which seriously threaten to China's agricultural security and even the security of the entire national economy. Protecting and improving the security situation of China's soybean industry are around the corner. Under this background, this article is trying to analyze the security situation of China's soybean industry from the three aspects which are the international competitiveness and external dependence and controlling force of China's soybean industry, and get the result that the security situation of China's soybean industry is very vulnerable. Especially, excessive scale of China's soybean industry is an important factor affecting the security situation. Then utilize the operational mechanism of the technical barriers to trade and establish the economic effective model of technical barriers to the China's soybean industry, which is used to prove its feasibility. At last, the article give out some specific countermeasures on the problem that how to construct the reasonable technical barriers system of China's soybean industry, aimed at improving the security situation of China's soybean industry and protecting China's economic security.This article is divided into five parts:The first part is to review the research background and significance of the problem, on the basis of research we summarize and overview the result at home and abroad in the past on the technical barriers and agricultural industrial security. At last, we point out the main ideas and the methodology.The second part is to introduce the basic theories on the technical barriers and agricultural industrial security. This section mainly introduces the meaning and manifestations of technical barriers to trade, the basic concepts and main contents of the agricultural industrial security. The basic concepts of the agricultural industrial security include some factors affecting the agricultural industrial security and evaluation system of the agricultural industrial security.The third part is to analyze the security situation of China's soybean industry. This section analyze the security situation according to the classification which includes the soybean planted industry and the soybean processing industry, from the three aspects which are the international competitiveness and external dependence and controlling force of China's soybean industry. When we analyze the international competitiveness of China's soybean industry, we analyze this problem according to the"diamond model", from the five aspects which are the factors of production, the demand of the domestic market, related industries, the size of the enterprises and competition, the role of government.The international competitiveness of China's soybean planted industry is relatively weak, which mainly manifests in the following aspects.(1)The acreages of China's soybean planted is shrinking more and more; Employees is generally with low educational level and their technical levels are poor; The costs of the distribution and transportation are comparatively high; The investment in the scientific research is not enough and promotional mechanism is not flexible.(2)Demand structure of the domestic soybean has a significant change and the squeezing needs in the dominant position. And the demand for soybean is steadily increasing.(3)The soybean squeezing industry in related industry heavily depends on the imported soybeans, and the supply of China's soybean planted industry is not completely digested.(4)The mode of production and operation in China's soybean planted industry is dispersed, which is also made up by many small families. And the degree of organization is very low. These have resulted in small scales and the low level of mechanization and the low labor productivity of China's soybean planted industry.(5)Compared with other varieties of grain and the foreign soybean planted industry, Chinese government's efforts to support the soybean planted industry is obviously inadequate.The high degree of external dependence of China's soybean planted industry is shown by the fact that the price of domestic soybeans is closely related to fluctuations in the price of the imported soybeans, which increase the economical uncertainty of China's soybean planted industry. The weak controlling force of China's soybean planted industry is shown by the fact that the domestic market shares of domestic soybean is decreasing all the time. China's soybean processing industry mainly includes the soybean squeezing industry, the traditional soybean food processing industry and the soybean protein processing industry. The international competitiveness of China's soybean processing industry is comparatively weak, which mainly manifests in the following aspects.(1)The squeezing needs of soybean mainly depend on imported soybeans; The soybean squeezing industry has excess capacity; Foreign investors participate in many enterprises of China's soybean processing industry and holds too much shares of enterprises; The transportation costs of domestic soybeans used in processing is very high; The level of the technology and equipment of China's soybean processing industry has increased.(2)The soybean oil and soybean meal are the main products of China's soybean processing industry. At present, the domestic demand of soybean oil and soybean meal is steadily increasing.(3)Among the related industries of China's soybean processing industry, the basic role of China's soybean planted industry is very weak and the boosting role of livestock husbandry is significant.(4)The enterprises'scales of the soybean squeezing industry are expanding rapidly and the domestic enterprises associated with foreign investors fight for the domestic market shares; The technology of China's traditional soybean food processing industry could not break through, and the large-scale industrial production has always been difficult to compete with the workshop-style production; The innovation ability of China's soybean protein processing industry is weak and the industry is lack of strong branding.(5)The Chinese government's efforts to support the soybean processing industry are not enough, which mainly manifests in the following aspects. Approval of loans to the enterprises is strict, which makes turnover of enterprises'capital very difficult; the restrictions imposed on the utilization of energy make the enterprises start to work difficultly; the enterprises are lack of state subsidies, which makes the costs of storage soybeans obviously high.The degree of external dependence of China's soybean processing industry is comparatively high, which mainly manifests in the following aspects. The degree of dependence on imported soybeans is increasing; because a large number of soybean processing enterprises are merged or bought by foreign investors, China's soybean processing industry depends on foreign capitals seriously.The controlling force of China's soybean processing industry is comparatively weak, which mainly manifests in the following aspects. Foreign investors control the majority of the effective processing capacity of China's soybean processing industry; the soybean processing enterprises controlled by foreign capitals have the most of market shares; China's soybean processing industry loses the right to decide the amount of imported soybeans; we can't participate in fixing the international price when China's soybean processing enterprises import foreign soybeans.Summarizing the above analysis, we know that the international competitiveness of China's soybean industry is relatively weak, the degree of external dependence of China's soybean industry is comparatively high and the controlling force of China's soybean industry is fairly weak. We introduce"dependency evaluation"and"fundamental assessment"approaches according to the concepts of security, and we can get the results that the dependency evaluation of China's soybean industry leans on the higher risks, at the same time, its fundamental assessment leans on the weak security situation.From the above analysis, we can also know that excessive scale of China's soybean industry is an important factor affecting the security situation, which need to be considered importantly.The fourth part is to analyze the economic effects of imposing the technical barriers on China's soybean industry. Firstly, we analyze the reasons of imposing technical barriers to trade on China's soybean industry. Then we analyze the operational mechanism of the technical barriers to trade. At last, through establishing the economic effective model of technical barriers to China's soybean industry, the section shows the way how to improve the security situation of China's soybean industry, and proves its effectiveness.The fifth part is to give out some specific countermeasures on the problem that how to construct the reasonable technical barriers system of China's soybean industry. The countermeasures mainly include that building up the precaution system of China's soybean industry, developing the rational technical standards and certification system of soybeans, improving the system of technical regulations on genetically modified soybean in the international trade, establishing scientific technical measures of inspection and quarantine on the soybeans, actively participating in the development of international standards on genetically modified soybean.The conclusion is that constructing the reasonable technical barriers system of China's soybean industry plays an important role in improving security situation of China's soybean industry under the background that the security situation of China's soybean industry is worse.