Research On Regional Disparities Of Income Of Rural Residents In China

The biggest obstacle to build the new socialist countryside and the well-off society in China is the extreme imbalance of regional rural development. Since reform and opening, in the sustained and rapid economic growth, as the income of rural residents rising, the quality of life improving, the income gap of rural residents continued to expand, which can be seen from the increasing of Gini coefficient of rural residents'income. The Gini coefficient of rural income had risen from 0.2124 in 1978 to 0.3742 in 2007, and it's on the rise very likely. The presence of the income gap induced by the economic industrial structure adjustment in China is objective and rational. It is noteworthy that this gap should be kept in the moderate range, widening the gap will inevitably affect the rural economy, the development of China's overall economy and the construction of harmonious society. Therefore, the regional disparities of rural income have become the major problem of the rapid and healthy economy development of China. Therefore, this article adopted 1978-2008 per capita net income of rural residents, classified by province, and other indicators to study on the income disparities of rural residents since the reform and opening up.Kuznets inverted U theory holds that the inequality of domestic's income distribution usually get larger first and then shrink, the causes of the trend are a series of Comprehensive factors, such as economic,political,education,population and so on. To reduce the income gap between rural residents effectively, we need to pay attention to the economic efficiency and the poor, which are vulnerable. Besides, we should take a series of measures to ensure social justice.Since reform and opening followed by the socialist market economic system reform, the district income gap between rural residents is getting larger and has a further widening trend. The income gap between rural residents in the country can be shown in various districts, such as national general, inter-provincial and the three regions: eastern, central and western. From 1978 to 2008, the income gap between rural residents showed a fluctuated upward from the changes of Gini coefficient, especially the widening speed of inter-provincial rural income gap is faster than the national general rural income gap, which shows that China's Regional Rural Economic Development has a serious imbalance problem.China's income gap between rural residents was forming and expanding for many reasons, both natural endowments quite different reasons such as natural and geographic conditions, possession of cultivated land and others, and also the level of economic development, technology still lag far behind other aspects. These factors influenced the differences of the income of rural residents much or less. Non-agricultural incomes, changes in the number of township enterprises, rural employment play an important role to influence the income gap. Among these, township enterprises development and rural non-farm employment differences brought by it were the main factor lead to the differences of rural residents'income gap. The basic cause of income gap is rural industrialization. But in the long run, caused by the structural causes of rural income gap is not permanent, the impact on income inequality depends on the extent and impact of economic restructuring in China. When the inter-regional level of rural industrialization is almost the same, rural industrial structure is gradually improved, rural residents receive relatively equal employment opportunities and the inter-regional non-farm income of rural residents can balance the inter-province income inequality, by then the expanding of regional income disparities will slow down.The widening income gap of rural residents in different regions of China is the result of many factors, although this phenomenon is caused by a number of objective reasons, but it can be improved by adopting some reasonable policies and measures. In order to reduce the growing income gap between rural residents, the Chinese Government has always attached great importance to and actively promotes Poverty Relief Work, has published a number of support measures for poverty relief and development policies and has achieved remarkable effects. However, it must be seen that the overall income of rural residents in China is low and difficult to substantially increase and the backward rural areas still have poor people exist, there is even returning poverty phenomenon. Thus, to relieve or remove Chinese rural poverty residents and speed up the increasing of rural residents income, we suggests the government to use Existing policy of poverty relief work as a basic system, continue to increase efforts to support the poor effectively, appropriate implementation of preferential policies, improves the poverty relief policy, strengthen the supervision and evaluation mechanism for poverty relief, and fundamentally improve the poor self-development capacity in order to improve the income level of rural residents. Specifically, five measures are as follows: strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure, reform the transfer payment system of the rural residents, strengthen the industry poverty relief mechanism, improve the social security system of poverty rural areas and protect basic public services in rural areas.