A Research Of The Dynamic Factor Of The Backflow Of Rural Labor Force

From 80's of last century, with the implementation of the Contract Responsibility System in the rural area, a good deal of farmers has the free-flowing opportunities to go out to work. In 2009, the flowing population of nationwide has reached 180 million, of which there are 149 million rural laborers, accounting for 82.8% of total flowing population. However, most of them are unable to integrate into the local city. After pay their youth to the society, they choose to return their hometown. Not only this phenomenon has caused the extensive attention of scholars, but also it inspires my interest. So I use village W as a case for my study.The purpose of this article is to study the backflow reasons of the rural labor force. In 2008's second half year, due to the lash of the financial crisis, Taiyuan's GDP is 146.809 billion,8.1% increase rate compared with 2007. The speed of economic development is slowing down. Traditional mainstay industries--coal,coke and iron have been suffered a serious defeat,which lead both quantity and price fall off, and make the great effect on the employment of rural migrant labor force. Because of the lack of both human capital---qualifications, knowledge and skills, and social capital, rural migrant have troubles in living and working in the city. This article makes the social integration and the excluded research as the point cut, career as the research target, and by contrast and analysis the urban citizens and rural labor force's differences among occupational categories, the channels of employment, wages and social welfare, then to study the reasons of why they leave city to return their hometown. Through works up the reasons of rural migrant's backflow, the author sums up that the reason is divided into two types:the constrained backflow and the initiative backflow. For most rural migrant, they are forced to return back, which is the key point of this research. Besides, a small group of rural migrant belongs to the initiative backflow. Obviously, it can not be said that it is the beginning of the tide for starting an enterprise.So this article also analysis this phenomenon.In the final analysis, the existence of the urban-rural dual structure is the basic reason which reduces the flowing population, while the influence from the financial crisis and the exclude from the city are the basic reasons for the rural migrant's backflow. For a long time, farmers are shielded outside the city by the household registration system. Although after the flowing populations who enter into the city are called the urban population, this doesn't mean China's urbanization rate is improving. If we want to achieve the process of urban and rural area's integration, we have to pay attention to these rural labor forces who return hometown from city, and reveal their backflow's reason. This research is necessary for the healthy and orderly development of society.The whole article is divided into five parts:The first part is the preface.This part is mainly discuss the proposition of village's flow migrant, the relevant theoretical research and empirical research, the point of view,content and method of this study, and theg eneral situation of the research places.The second part is the profile of Village W's migrants' flow and backflow in Taiyuan, and the analyses of the employment's situation. Using the contrast method, this part compares the demography's characteristics of the rural labor force who going into the city with the rural labor force who has the will to return hometown, and then find the common and differences points.From this comparison, I get the basic characteristics of the labor force who has the will to backflow, these research is in order to understand the Taiyuan's industrial structure, the employable characteristics and the problems of the rural migrant labor force.The third part is the constrained backflow. This part discusses the severe work market and the social discrimination from the city. The key point of this article is to focus on the third and fourth part:the constrained backflow and the initiative backflow. According to the survey results, it shows that the number of the constrained backflow is more than the initiative backflow's. Give the constrained backflow a definition:working and living in the city, because of the social objective employment situation and own human capital constrains, rural labor forces have to return their hometown instead of work and live in the city. The reasons of the constrained backflow can be divided into four types:economical exclusion,political exclusion,social relations exclusion,culture exclution,material benefits exclusion.The fourth part is the initiative backflow. This part talks about the guide from the government and the homesick in the traditional cultural. The initiative backflow means:under the influence of various factors, rural labor forces who working in the city realize if they return their hometown, they will get more benefits.So they choose to return their hometown actively. This part discusses the initiative backflow from three aspects:the backflow to restart one's career, the guidance of nation's benefiting the farmer's policy and the seeking of family union.The fifth part is the conclusion of the whole article. It is mainly verifies the study's assumption, and gives the targeted, feasible policy recommendations about the constrained backflow of Taiyuan's extraneous labor force. As we establish an unified system for the labor's employment, improve the social security system and the social assistance mechanisms for the short-term unemployment.