Investigation And Research On The Influence Of Tourism Development On Labor Backflow In Haotang Village Of Xinyang City

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up,China has made remarkable achievements in terms of economic growth,social development,cultural prosperity and improvement of people's livelihood.With the continuous development of rural economy and society,some rural migrant workers choose to return to their hometown for employment and entrepreneurship under the dual effects of urban thrust and home pull.The development of rural tourism in Haotang Village of Xinyang City has promoted the development of local economy and attracted the return of migrant workers.This study systematically explores the influence of tourism development in Haotang Village on the labor backflow by combining theoretical analysis with empirical analysis,questionnaires with in-depth interviews,and comparative analysis.The rural labor backflow refers to the rural labor who has gone out to work or do business return to the registered permanent residence(county)actively or passively because of unemployment,home entrepreneurship,personal and family factors,psychological factors to engage in agricultural,non-agricultural or part-time activities,and stay for more than six months.The rural labor backflow has four characteristics:complexity,regionality,directivity and instability.The development process of rural tourism in Haotang Village can be divided into two stages: the new rural construction period and the accelerated development period of rural tourism.Tourism development has played a positive role in promoting the economic and social development of Haotang Village with respect to five aspects.Firstly,tourism development has promoted the industrial development,changed the industrial structure and gradually diversified the way of livelihood of villagers.Secondly,tourism development has optimized the organizational structure,attractted non-governmental organizations and made the organizational structure of Haotang Village tend to be younger.Thirdly,tourism development has promoted the development of cultural undertakings by protecting traditional culture and introducing new forms of culture.Fourthly,tourism development has protected the ecological environment,improved the living conditions of villager and promoted the villagers to develop good health habits.Fifthly,tourism development has changed the situation of hollow villages,which has provided intellectual support for the economic and social development of HaotangVillage.In terms of return scale and characteristics,183 workers have returned because of the development of tourism in Haotang Village.Among them,the phenomenon of returning more people than migrant workers began in 2011.In 2013,the number of returnees was the largest and then gradually decreased year by year.In Haotang Village,the proportion of male workers is higher than that of female workers,and the middle-aged,married and under-high school educated workers are more inclined to return.As far as the family characteristics of returnees are concerned,returnees with large families,students studying locally and less arable land tend to return.Before returning home,the labor mostly worked outside the province,engaged in labor-intensive industries such as service industry,construction industry and processing industry.After returnimg,they have had more choices of the employment and participated in rural tourism to varying degrees.In terms of the motivation of return,the proportion of returning because of children's education is the highest,followed by employment,supporting the elderly,higher income and local complex.There are two main reasons for the tourism development of Haotang Village's labor backflow.Firstly,the economic motivations including employment space,working environment and family income.Secondly,the non-economic motivations of the return of labor in Haotang Village are mainly reflected in the development of tourism to improve public services,living environment,intensity of policy,and sense of pride of returnees in their hometown.Two kinds of factors influence the stability of the labor backflow in Haotang Village.Firstly,the scale of tourism development is small,the level is low and the speed is slowing down,and the employment and income of the returning labor are unstable.Under the combined action of internal and external factors,the development of rural tourism in Haotang Village has entered a bottleneck period.In addition to the homogeneous competition in the external market,it is mainly due to the four reasons,such as the lack of tourism planning and the inaccuracy of its development orientation;the single type of tourism products and the lack of obvious local characteristics;the low degree of integration of the tourism industry and the insufficiency of interregional cooperation;the backward marketing concept and the insufficiency of propaganda strength.Secondly,the development of tourism is not synchronized with therelated supporting construction,and the satisfaction of the returning labor to the public service is not high.On one hand,the infrastructure is not perfect,the service system is not perfect.The specific performance is the tourism service facility is not perfect,the early childhood education investment is insufficient,the old-age service form is single,the medical and health service supply and demand is unbalanced,the cultural entertainment facility is deficient and so on.On the other hand,the skills training is not in place,the quality of the labor is not high,the specific performance of agricultural skills training is not in-depth,tourism professional skills training has not formed a normal,high-quality management personnel training is insufficient.In order to promote the stable return of labor in Haotang Village,we should accelerate the transformation and upgrading of rural tourism and improve tourism related services.In the process of promoting the transformation and upgrading of rural tourism,Haotang Village should start from four aspects: Firstly,by finding out the correct development orientation,it should highlight the characteristics of folk houses,tea,mountains,pastoral and folk cultural resources in the south of Henan Province.Secondly,it should rely on the characteristics of resources,dig deep into the cultural connotation,develop characteristic tourism products,and transform "characteristics" into "selling points".Thirdly,we should pay attention to promoting industrial integration and regional cooperation,give full play to the tourism multiplier effect and cluster effect,and seize the opportunity to develop.Fourthly,we should innovate marketing methods,enrich the marketing content,increase marketing investment and broaden the tourist market.In terms of tourism related services,two key points should be grasped:one is to improve the service system,focus on improving Haotang Village infrastructure,education,pension,medical and health,cultural entertainment and other conditions,narrow the gap between urban and rural areas;The Secondly is to carry out skills training,agricultural skills and tourism management skills training,to enhance the human capital of returnees.