British Country Trade In Asian During The 18^th Century

The British arrived in Asia followed the Portuguese, Dutch, in the late 16th century. Substantial profits of country trade in Asia launched trade battles among British, Portugal, Netherlands and other European countries. British country trade had become an important part of the British East India Company'trade in Asia in the 18th century, which had a significant impact on the development of the East India Company. The main points in this paper are the way of British country trade developed,types and Marketing approaches of goods, the region changes of country trade, the quantities and the profits of country trade, and the influence of British country trade on Asia and Britain.The paper divides into four parts.The first part discusses the rise of British country trade. British competed with Portuguese, Dutch to share substantial profits of country trade. As a result, British set up a series of colonies and factories in the 17th century. During these actions, the British built the foundation of the development and prosperity of the country trade with Asia. In addition, as the country trade of British East India Company was restricted, which gave up the country trade. By challenging the monopoly of British East India Company and the encouragement of British East India Company, the British country traders were getting stronger. British country trade had developed preliminarily in the 17th century.The second part discusses the rise and the decline of the British western trade. The establishment of the Calcutta Fleet and Bengal trade superiority status in the early half of 18th century are the premise for the development of the western trade, which includes the trade of the ports of western India,Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. Country traders exchanged Bengal piece goods, sugar, rice for western India pepper, spices and cotton; Persian Gulf copper, horse; Red Sea coffee, gold, which then distributed among other Asian countries. Because of political instability in Western Indian Ocean and the rise of the price of Bengal goods, the western trade declined gradually after 1740s. With the western trade declining, eastward trade developed gradually.The third parts outlines the development of British eastward trade, discusses the causes of rapid development of eastward trade,which British trade with Malaya, Indonesia, Manila and China. The reasons of the rise of the eastward trade were the decline of the western trade, rapid expansion of tea trade, and conquest of Bengal. Eastward trade rose from the 17th century to the first half of the 18th century. Country traders exchanged India cotton, opium for China tea and exchanged India piece goods,cotton, opium for pepper, spices,tin, copper in South-East Asia, which then were distributed among India, China, Manila to exchange other goods and silver.Eastward trade developed rapidly from 1760s to 1800, especially tea trade between Britain and China. High profits of tea trade promoted the British East India Company to expand tea trade,which caused large trade deficit of British. In order to raise capital, the British East India Company encourage country traders to export many India cotton and opium to China. By bill of exchange,the high profits of tea trade support capital for the British East India Company, which caused Substantial silver of China flowed into Britain.With the rapid development of Anglo-China trade,the trade of Malaya, Indonesia also expanded.Country traders sold Malaya, Indonesia India pepper, spices, tin, copper in China and sold India cotton, opium, pepper, spices in Malaya, Indonesia, which supports funds for the British East India Company.The last part discusses the influence of the British country trade over Asia and Britain. In China, British country trade not only damaged trade management system in Canton but also reduced national wealth. In India, British country trade deepen colonization of India and damaged it's economy development. Country trade brought great benefits to Britain, which speeded up the British capital accumulation and provided a material basis for the industrial revolution. British country trade damaged economy, politics and other aspects in South-East Asia.