Comparative Studies On Airborne Microbial Diversity Of Haze And Non-haze In Different Seasons In Qingdao

In recent years, China’s worsening haze had become a new kind of severe weather.Atmospheric particulate matter is the direct cause of haze, not only the visibility is lower and lower, but also serious problems, such as health, environment, ecology, and others, were caused. Microbes are an important part of atmospheric particulate matter, and in the form symbiotic relationships and aerodynamic behavior of a high correlation with the particulate matter. Atmospheric particles attached bacteria, fungi, viruses, pollen, and other allergens can produce allergies in humans and animals, poisoning and infections reaction, leading to fungal infections in plants. Atmospheric particles can be achieved as a carrier of bacteria, fungi,viruses and other microorganisms long distance diffusion(LDD), resulting in the migration of allergens and pathogens. Pathogenic microorganisms in the air, allergens by atmospheric particles migration, wet and dry deposition way into aquatic ecosystems, urban population will result in increased frequency of water-borne diseases.Airborne microbes were collected by SAS ISO100 in different seasons’ haze period and non-haze period of 2014, and their community diversity were comparative studied by the BIOLOG method. At the same time, daily variation of inhalable aerosol particle size in the haze and non-haze period of winter were studied by Anderson FA- type I 6 air microorganism sampler. The results were as below.(1)At the different seasons the types and levels of carbon metabolic profiles were different of haze and non-haze in Qingdao, The levels of carbon metabolic profiles of vernal airborne microbes at haze weather were higher than those in non-haze weather in different seasons. The spring haze microbial community metabolism of carbon metabolic profiles maximum, the highest metabolism.The levels of carbon profiles in haze weather were higher than non-haze weather in different periods of the winter in Qingdao, which high strength carbon metabolism and metabolic type than non-haze weather.(2) The Shannon index(H’) and Simpson index(D) were similar in haze and non-haze weather at different seasons, while the Mclntosh index(U) was different, indicating differentseasons haze and non-haze of the microbial communities exist differences at different seasons.In the haze of spring, summer and autumn and winter non-haze of the microbial community was relatively better.Haze of Mc Intosh(U) index was significantly higher than the non-haze period in the winter morning, the difference of Shannon(H’) index and Simpson(D) index were smaller; At noon, the haze of Shannon(H’) index greater than non-haze period, the smaller the difference the other indices; In the afternoon, the difference of each diversity index is small in haze and non-haze, the microbial abundance and the uniformity were smaller.(3) Carbon metabolic characteristics of airborne microbes were different in different seasons in haze and non-haze weather, which caused the differences in characteristics of carbon metabolic profiles. Haze of summer and spring, winter and fall mainly carbon composition of microbial communities in carbon metabolic differences of amino acids, in spring and autumn and winter carbon microbial community metabolic differences mainly composed of carbon carboxylic acids; non-haze of winter and fall, spring and summer air microflora distinguish the difference of carbon metabolism main carbon source for sugar,while in summer and autumn, spring air microflora carbon metabolism differentiated primary carbon source for carboxylic acids.Principal component analysis also shows that: The key carbon source was carboxylic acids which caused the differences in characteristics of carbon metabolic profiles in winter haze of morning and afternoon, differentiation haze of the afternoon and noon is carbon carboxylic acids, differentiation haze of the morning and noon are amines carbon, The key carbon source was carbon sugars and carboxylic acids which caused the differences in characteristics of carbon metabolic profiles in winter non-haze of afternoon and other periods.(4) The number of bacteria particles which is easily into the lungs is different in haze period In the winter, the most is the morning, followed by the afternoon, at least at noon; In haze period, the number of fungal particles which is easily into the lungs is different, the most is the noon, followed by the morning, at least in the afternoon.Winter haze period, inhaled aerosol bacteria ratio is higher in the morning, at noon, it has the highest percentage of fungal aerosol, and while the afternoon session, haze and the non-haze period the proportion of inhalable bacteria particles and fungi is the same.