Physical And Chemical Features Of Natural Beeswax And The Extraction And Purification Study Of Its Activive Ingredient

This article took beeswax as the experimental material, studied the physical and chemical indicators and the emulsification features. Optimizing the saponification technology of natural beeswax. In this way, fatty acids and octacosanol were separated and purified from product of saponification. Finally content and structure were analyzed. The results as below:1. Physical and chemical indicators of new comb beeswax and old comb beeswax were determined, such as melting point, density, ratio of refraction, acid number, value of saponification, ester, iodine and contact angle. Testing the emulsification features of beeswax, such as ESI, EAI, centrifuge stability, and water evaporation. The results showed that the HLB value of beeswax was 9-10, beeswax was an ideal emulsifier. The active ingredients contained in beeswax were analyzed by physical and chemical methods. Determined beeswax containing many active ingredients.2. The saponification conditions of natural beeswax, such as temperature, time, sodium hydroxide concentration, liquid to solid ratio, were analyzed by response surface method. An optimum process of saponification was identified with the sodium hydroxide concentration 1.89 mol/L, the saponification time 4.5h, the saponification temperature 87℃, the liquid to solid ratio 10.05:1. Saponification rate under the best condition was 97.49%.3. Hydrolysis product extracted by organic solvent were disposed by acidification to separate fatty acids. The extract rate of new comb beeswax and old comb beeswax were 20.80% and 10.49%.4. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) was used for analyzing fatty acids in natural beeswax including the new comb beeswax and the old comb beeswax. The results showed that 9 fatty acids were identified in two kinds of natural beeswax. They are lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, peanut acid, behenic acid, tetracosanoic acid, cerotic acid and oleic acid. Gas chromatographic method were analysis to ensure the quality and quantity of the palmitic acid so that a new gas chromatographic method was ensured specially for fatty acids in beeswax. The palmitic acid content in new comb beeswax and old comb beeswax were 61.32% and 57.60%.5. Applied technics of calcification to dispose the product of saponification, using 95% ethanol to extract calcification production. The high-carbon aliphatic alcohols’ extraction rate in new comb beeswax and old comb beeswax were 10.39% and 16.80%. The optimal crystallizing solvent for purifying octacosanol was 95% ethanol-acetone (v/v 3:2). The purity of refined octacosanol in new comb beeswax and old comb beeswax were 27.13% and 29.59%, purification effect was enhanced.6. Infrared spectra and gas chromatographic method were used to analyze the quality and quantity of fatty acids and octacosano in nature beeswax. The results showed that fatty acids of the product contained palmitic acid, and others were saturated fatty acids. The octacosanol is consistent with the nature and structure of the standard product.