Study On The Effect And Mechanism Of Catalyst Catalyzedand Carbonized Waste Cotton Fabrics

Unreasonable using of waste textiles caused the wasting of resources andthe pollution of the environment,Combined with current situation of China, OurCountry’s textile raw materials of chemical fiber, wool and cotton more than50percent dependent on imports, a serious shortage of resources. If these wastetextiles can be recycled, making the utilization rate reach more than60%, Wewill save18.8million tons of crude oil and1634acres of arable land, Not onlygreatly reduced the country’s dependence on foreign textile raw materials, butalso eased the current resources’ shortage situation, Further reducing theenvironmental pollution problems that caused by improper handling of thetextiles. Carbon microspheres is a high property material，which has relativelystable chemical properties，good thermal stability and excellent property ofconductive and thermal conduction. It was widely used in the electrode materialglassy carbon electrode and a lithium-ion electrode materials, electrodematerials of electrochemical capacitors, production templates of hollow sphere material, adsorbent material, catalyst support of fuel cell, hydrogen storagematerials and additives of functional materials and so on. However, in wastecotton textiles, cotton fabrics and cotton blended fabrics accounted for theproportion of1/3. Its main ingredient is cellulose,under certain conditions, canbe hydrolyzed into glucose, and then carbonized into carbon microspheres.Cellulose is a good raw material for the preparation of carbon microspheres.In this paper, Used cotton fabric as raw materials，Respectively selectedAlCl3which can destroy hydrogen bonds of cellulose，HNO3which can destroyglycoside bonds of cellulose and HCl which can damage hydrogen andglycoside bonds of cellulose as catalyst, Prepared carbon materials byhydrothermal method. Through single factor experiment investigated the effectof reaction temperature, time, the catalyst’s concentration and pH onmorphology, crystal structure, productivity and surface groups of carbonizedproduct.The microstructure, crystal structure and surface functional groups werecharacterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).Through above analysis, We draw the following conclusions.(1) Used cotton fabric as raw materials, AlCl3as a catalyst, carbon materialcan be prepared by hydrothermal method. Its optimum conditions wastemperature of300℃, time of8, the concentration ofAlCl3was0.05%.(2) Used cotton fabric as raw materials, respectively choosed HNO3andHCl as acatalyst, They can all obtained carbon microspheres by hydrothermal method. Their best conditions were temperature of300℃, time of8, pH of2.(3) HNO3and HCl are inorganic acids, use them as catalyst all canprepared microspheres material. AlCl3is Lewis acid, using it as catalyst onlyavailable non-spherical carbon material.(4) Product surface of the three were riched in oxygen-containingfunctional groups (-OH,-C=O and-COOH), but the degree of their product’sgraphitization was not high.(5) Temperature and pH have a significant impact on the morphology ofcarbonized product. Temperature plays a decisive role in damaging the crystalstructure, regardless of the catalyst. Enough high temperature can destroy thecrystal structure of cellulose, promoting the carbonization of cellulose. Theformation of Carbon microspheres was closely related to the pH.Enough H+cancompletely destroy the glycoside bonds of cellulose, promoting thecarbonization of cellulose. The number of H+was the number of glycosidebonds1/11to1/1, the product were mostly carbon microspheres. Below orabove this range, the morphology of the product were not very good, even can’tappear carbon microspheres.(6) The catalysts can significantly reduce the initial temperature ofcellulose carbonization, and inorganic acid was particularly evident. When nocatalyst, the initial carbonization temperature of cellulose was240℃. WhenAlCl3was the catalyst, the initial carbonation temperature was220℃. WhenHNO3as catalyst, the initial carbonation temperature was200℃. when HCl as catalyst, the initial carbonation temperature was also200℃.