| Medical waste, exchangeable to biomedical waste, healthcare waste or hospital waste, refers to the solid waste generated by the medical organizations, such as hospitals, clinics, health care centers, sanitariums and veterinaries, in the process of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of human and animal, and in the process of relevant scientific researchs.Firstly, the categories, hazards, treatment procedures and principles, and disposal methods of medical waste are introduced. To change the state of unreasonable treatment of medical waste in Changsha City, protect the environment and public health, and setup a demonstration project for centralized treatment of medical waste in Changsha City, the momentary situation of medical waste treatment in Changsha City, the employed treatment methods, disinfections efficiency of one-way medical material waste by chemical disinfectant, property of medical waste, medical waste and traditional Chinese medicine residue production rates of patients and output of medical waste are studied, with questionnaires, interview, visit, measurement and analysis, and lab research used. Also, the aspects need to improve are put forward. Based on the production rate of medical waste and the numbers of patient of Changsha City in recent years, the numbers of patient and the amount of medical waste of the city are predicted by means of grey model (1,1). The monthly numbers of patient from November of 1999 to October of 2001 is analyzed for explore the change law, taken hospital B as example. The combination of linear regression and auto regression model is developed based on the data, and then the one-step, two-step, and three-step predictions based on the model are done respectively. The model simulates the monthly numbers of patient well. Finally, aiming at the momentary situation of unreasonable treatment of medical waste in Changsha City, management system and autoclave for disposal of medical waste (infectious waste) are designed, with superheated steam as work medium(132癈, 200kPa), which has following advantages: Simple operation, sound disinfection efficiency, little secondary pollutant and low investment. This is the first time for the autoclave technology suggested to dispose medical waste in China.The medical waste in Changsha City isn't separated and disposed properly. Theprocedure to treat one-way medical material waste is complicated with low chemical disinfection efficiency: 53.58% for bacteria colonial form unit deactivation, zero for positive HBV conversion to negative. The main components of household like waste of medical waste are plastic, organic and paper, the volume percentages for them are 35.30%, 26.69%, 25.10%, respectively. 1.15 kilogram of medical waste is generated per day by per in-patient, and 0.22 kilogram of medical waste is generated by per outpatient. Per in-patient generates 0.20 kg traditional Chinese medicine residue per day, and per outpatient generates 0.36kg. Daily numbers of outpatient and the amount of medical waste vary periodically, with the cycle of one week. Similarly, monthly numbers of in-patient vary periodically, with the cycle of one year. The real number of in-patient on Sunday is 60% of registered ones approximately.The developed combination of linear regression and auto regression model for prediction of monthly patients of single hospital is simple, precise and practical. What's more, this model has advantage over grey model. In view of the momentary situation of medical waste in the city and the international guidelines and experiences, the management and disposal system of medical waste in Changsha City is suggested, which include two sub-systems (hosital level system and region level system). According to the increase and output of medical waste in the city, the autoclave for the amount of medical waste in 2005 is designed, 2100 millimeters long and diameter of 1500 millimeter, pre-vacuuming by the gravity and vacuum pump. The installation obliquity of the apparatus is 30 degree. This research could be a reliable basis... |
PDF Full Text Request