Lightweight High-pressure Hydrogen Storage Container The Overall Optimization Of The Design

The technique using compressed hydrogen gas is widely used due to its simplicity of the storage system and low cost for storage and transport of hydrogen gas compared with the other techniques. This paper introduces the state-of-the-art of lightweight high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. To improve hydrogen storage mass efficiency and reduce transportation cost, The fiber-reinforced composite hydrogen storage tank is developed which could resist the high storage pressure and lighten the weight. In the high-pressure hydrogen storage technology, China is behind the developed countries.Based on the 863 programs(the Hi-tech research and development program of China) "lightweight high-pressure hydrogen storage system", the filament-wound lightweight high-pressure hydrogen storage tank(hydrogen storage mass efficiency : 3wt%, working pressure: 40MPa), is developed in this paper. The main research results are as follows:(1) The structure of the filament-wound tank is designed. It mainly consists of internal liner, transition layer that is overwrapped with carbon fiber-reinforced layer, impact-resistant layer, and fiberglass-reinforced external protective layer. The new structure of the impact-resistant layer was first developed in the paper. The structure of this tank can resist the small or large angle impact and protect the boss, the dome and the side of the tank. Moreover, the impact-resistant layer is easier to be fixed on the dome of the carbon-fiber shell.(2) The theories of mechanics of material such as the netting theory, the laminated plate theory are used to evaluate tank design. Based on the netting theory, the cylinder with filaments in both hoop and longitudinal orientation is presented and checked by the Quadratic failure criterion and Tsai-Hill criterion. At the same time, the head is wound by the geodesic method and un-geodesic method.(3) The method of parametric unitary optimization of tank is performed in this paper. Based on the constraint conditions, the object function, the minimum mass of the tank is solved to get the best design proposal.(4) Ten prototypes are manufactured based on the design proposal. To insure the safety and the reliability of the prototypes, the tanks are tested. The programs include the hydrostatical test for all tanks and bursting test for two random tanks. The tests satisfy the requirement. It shows that the design proposal is right and reliable.