Synthesis Of Amphoteric Surfactants In Emulsion Explosives

The study about amphoteric surfactants used in emulsion explosive is less reported, though the study of surfactants applied to emulsion explosive has been much reported. A number of amphoteric surfactants were synthesized and their characteristics were investigated, then used in emulsion explosive with Span80 to improve the performance and stability of the emulsion explosive.Firstly, the long carbon chain alcohol or amine were used as the starting material to produce tertiary amine after series reactions, and then reacted with propane sultone to give amphoteric surfactants. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by MS and NMR.Then, small quantity of amphoteric surfactants were applied to emulsion explosive in the form of additives, and the effects of the addition of amphoteric surfactants to the emulsion explosive were studied. The compatibility of amphoteric surfactants with the ammonium nitrate was determined using DSC analysis. The emulsifying ability of amphoteric surfactants mixed with Span80 was determined using cylinder method. The stability of the emulsion systems with different amphoteric surfactants was compared using centrifugation. The storage stabilities of emulsion explosives with different amphoteric surfactants were compared using the method of recycle of high and low temperature. The results showed that the amphoteric surfactants with hydroxyl and the carbon chain length of C₁₄, or C₁₆ were better relatively.