Improve Public Service To Control Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution

Agricultural non-point source pollution has become the most important sources of pollutants for most of the countries and has serious impact on water quality around the world.Because of its scattered sources,it is difficult to detect,analyze and control. Thus,it is a hard nut to crack in the field of pollution prevention and control.China's agricultural non-point source pollution is also very serious,but it faced with the difficulties of the growing depravation and weak management.In this paper,researches and practices in this field are reviewed both at home and abroad and find that the agricultural non-point source pollution is caused by the market failure and government failure.Because of the specificity of non-point source pollution,engineering methods are not economic.Therefore,it is particularly important to study and use management measures.If it is not an additional financial burden on the farmers,voluntary measures or public participation in combination with other measures can achieve the goals.In addition,to cultivate the awareness of the agricultural producers is very important.These studies have laid a solid theoretical basis for promoting public services to achieve the control of agricultural non-point source pollution.The developed countries have much practical experience in this field as well. Japan's successful practice experience may be good reference to China because China and Japan have more similarities in many aspects,compared with Europe and the United States.Japan's Agricultural Cooperatives plays a very important role in the implementation of a series of policies.The Agricultural Cooperatives is a semi-official organization,which become both the tools of the government to offer public services and the representatives for the peasants,which make up the weak point of the scattered Small-scale peasant economy with its strong cohesion.And it helps to reach the objectives of the environmental protection policies.This method of public service provides a good model for our reference.The analysis of the Status quo in China reveals the shortage in R&D in eco-agricultural technology,lack of technology reserves and the promotion of ecological agriculture technical guidance,lack of training services,distribution channels and marketing services,and the absence of cultivation and land conservation and water issues.Its root causes is the market failure which is caused by the changing of economy and the increase of the labor value and the government failure which is brought about by the collapse of the old rural public services system.Response to government failure,this paper proposes to build a new public service system for agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control, including technology research and development,standards development,guide training,publicity and promotion,market building,communication,community building and special services.