Composite Analog Fire Dual-zone Model Building Evacuation

With the development of urbanization in China, buildings with huge structure and complex layout are becoming more and more.Most of these buildings are overcrowded, so the evacuation in emergency case is a severe problem. In recent years,using the evacuation simulation software to assessment the fire risk of building has already been preliminarily applied. However, there are still some deficiencies in current simulation research in fire evacuation mainly in two aspects. Firstly, most of evacuation models simulate only evacuation process while neglecting the real-time influence of fire environment on the crowd evacuation.Secondly, traditional models have limitations in modeling building construction and the exit option. In order to make the evacuation model closer to the fire scene, this thesis analyzes the factors influencing the evacuation in fire, putting forward with the composite evacuation model which considers the real-time influence.The main work is as the following:1.The thesis not only makes analysis on factors which influences the evacuation in fire and but also makes a quantitative analysis on the impact of fire on early human behaviors and moving speed by means of the experimental data. To reflect the impact of fire on different people, the thesis takes random function as pre-movement time of the evacuation, introducing equivalent speed to achieve the quantitative expression of the moving speed of people when evacuating in fire.The combination of fire development and the evacuation process can be achieved by applying the equivalent speed in the simulation model, which makes the simulation result closer to the real situation.2.Based on the principle of the Two-zone fire simulation, a mathematical model for fire spread process in buildings is established, which is employed to simulate the smoke natural filling process in single-room fire.3.A composite evacuation model of single-room based on the fire two-zone model is established. The escape speed of evacuees can be amended by inducting the fire influence coefficient, which can combine the real-time fire process and evacuation. The model uses continual space express the space structures so that evacuees can reach any location other than the obstacles.Taking into account the individual characteristics,the model categorizes evacuees into adults, the elderly and children. The choice of exits is determined by'Export attractive', which has comprehensively considered the distance and the density in path and by which people will choose the best safety exit. Meanwhile, the model considers the evacuees'interaction effect, such as collision avoidance, queuing behavior and so on.4.The software named FireEvac1.0 is developed by using Delphi. The software can simulate the evacuation in large stadiums or commercial buildings when on fire.