Research On Occupants’ Fire Evacuation Behavior And Computable Model In Underground Commercial Building

The current fire safety engineering field is being prepared from a technical perspective to a behavioural perspective.In order to align fire safety measures with the actual needs of humans during an accident,it is necessary to understand the behavioural feature of humans in fire and fire evacuation and provide a feasible prediction method.In China,underground space public buildings,especially commercial buildings,have developed rapidly in recent years,showing a deepening trend,scale,and complexity on the spatial level.However,the primary research on occupants’ fire evacuation in such buildings is insufficient,and the corresponding fire safety design regulations are not targeted.Some primary data of above-ground buildings are still mainly used.There are sizeable potential safety risks.Given the current lack of fundamental theories and data research on personnel fire evacuation behaviour in underground commercial buildings and the current situation of insufficient simulate of personnel behaviour by simulation software,the main goal of this study is to gather a set of engineering design-oriented data collection and to establish an evacuation behaviour model to support the design and assessment of fire evacuation safety in underground commercial buildings.The three main research questions in this article are: 1)From the perspective of engineering design,what are the main factors affecting the fire evacuation behaviour of underground commercial building personnel? 2)How to study the influence mechanism of these influencing factors on personnel evacuation behaviour? 3)How to implement a computable evacuation model for underground commercial buildings that can incorporate human behaviour?Through systematic literature reviews,the technical route to solve the problems was determined.The fire evacuation behaviour of personnel is mainly the psychological manifestation of personnel’s clues to the building environment and fire cognition.For safety reasons,the research methods in this field are all heuristic research.The traditional research methods include cases,assumptions,and fire drills.There are many shortcomings in cost,such as experimental control,ethics.A new research method that has not been widely used,the 、serious game method,can realistically realize people facing fire without exposing them to the actual fire risk,and this method has good internal validity and experimental control.In this study,to systematically study the impact of various environmental factors on the evacuation behaviour of underground commercial buildings,it is used as the primary research method.Existing evacuation modelling theory and simulation software were reviewed to build an evacuation model that incorporates personnel behaviour,and The current behaviour models are difficult to reflect the actual decision-making process of human beings.To propose a suitable mathematical abstraction method still needs sufficient knowledge and data on personnel behaviour to provide support.Therefore,the research of underground commercial building personnel behaviour data is a prerequisite and foundation for the establishment of evacuation simulation models.Research issues are gradually explored: Firstly,based on the knowledge integration of existing theories,experimental studies,and investigation reports,a framework for understanding the potential impact factors of personnel fire evacuation behaviour is proposed.Secondly,based on this framework,the spatial environmental characteristics,personnel characteristics,and fire characteristics were investigated,and the factor sets used for further empirical research and evacuation modelling was selected through expert evaluation.Thirdly,The personnel in the factor set,the environment,and the fire factors were compared to the personnel through two hypothesis research and serious games.Empirical research was conducted on the impact of evacuation behaviour.Quantitative or qualitative conclusions on the influence mechanism of different factors were obtained.Finally,a multi-agent simulation model for underground commercial building fire evacuation was proposed by combining the conclusions of existing theories and empirical research,the BUCBEvac model.This framework adopts modular design,based on the basic principles of computational sociology,uses graph theory,probability theory,machine learning,and other methods to abstract personnel evacuation decision-making behaviour? fifth,widely used parametric design platform implements the simulation system of the model framework.A bottom to top validation method was used to verify the model’s effectiveness from the levels of pedestrian evacuation dynamics and personnel behaviour performance?finally,BUCBEvac was used in underground commercial buildings evacuation evaluation.The actual cases of evaluation and space optimization design were analyzed.The results of this study are a set of data sets based on empirical research on the relationship between the factors affecting the fire evacuation behaviour of underground commercial buildings and their behaviour and an effective evacuation model that incorporates occupants’ behaviour.The data set supplements the current fire safety theory and supports the fire safety policy of underground commercial buildings,which can help architects better understand the relationship between personnel behaviour and space environment in fire emergency evacuation of underground commercial buildings.Evacuation models can support confidential evaluation of evacuation performance of commercial buildings at the design stage.