Study On Crowd Evacuation In Subway Fire

Human evacuation is difficult in the subway when emergency occur,because of its particularity, such as big passenger capacity, dense people, narrow and enclosed space, less entrances, long distance to the outdoor, limited the lighting and ventilation and so on. In addition, smoke diffusion is characterized of faster spread in horizontal, stronger chimney effect. So,it becomes particularly important in the subway design and operation how to ensure the personnel safety evacuation in the subway fire.The paper establishes network optimization model which is comply with the subway evacuation, is based on the reason, harm, particularity of subway fire in both at domestic and abroad research, and combining personnel behavior characteristics, flow characteristics and the specific characteristics in subway structures and buildings. According to the regulations of personnel evacuation time in the Code for design of metro(GB50157-2003) to analyze the calculation methods about Available Safe Evacuation Time (ASET)& Required Safety Egress Time(RSET). Using the Fire Dynamics Simulator(FDS) software simulation the ASET, which includes platform fire and vehicle fire, and network optimization model established in this paper and Pathfinder software are adopted to calculate the exact value of safe evacuation time for each fire scenario,and found the‘’bottleneck”is detrimental to the evacuation. Finally,the paper combines the example of metro to forecast and analysis evacuation time. The results are meaningful and valuable to design the evacuation of building, design human safe evacuation system in an emergency, formulate evacuation plan and so on.