| This research focuses on studying how climatic factors affect wine grapes ecological cultivation, and also provides practical suggestions of cultivating wine grapes in non-suitable regions, based on statistics anylasis of the main meteorological factors, including temperature, rainfall, the amount of light and other ecological adaptability of climatic conditions in those main planting areas.In this study, the key issues to be solved or technical difficulty is that meteorological data is an important limiting factor. It is not possible to collect and compare regional meteorological data from every country in the world or differnet places in one country.The study is to provide realistic recommendations or climate control advice on growing wine grapes in those non- suitable regions in a small scale, based on scientific data that directly reflects the climate elements needs of wine grape.The study uses the world-famous grape, the European grapes (Vitis vinifera) grown in many European reginons. It oringinates from dry areas, growing comfortabley in hot and dry climate, adaptable to lower humidity. Italy, France, Turkey and other European countries cultivate a lot. In China, it grows well in the Northwest, North and Northeast China, such as Xinjiang, Hebei, Shandong, Gansu and etc. it favors Medditarianien Sea climate zone.Necessary temperature, light, rainfall and other key ecological factors data are acquired from Central Meteorological Station World Temperature and Precipitation Data (1951-1980), China's meteorological science data sharing network (http://cdc.cma.gov.cn), BBC network world cities meteorological data (http://news.bbc.co.uk/weather) and other reliable and avaible data resources.According to the world map of growing wine grapes, the study compares four kinds of relatively typical grape cultivation climate area and more than 20 concrete of grape cultivation areas, mainly understanding its related comparison grape cultivation status and corresponding meteorological characteristics.It is advisable that the absolute minimum temperature for growing of European grapes is higher than -10℃, otherwise it might produce the cold. Temperature is mainly involved comparison experiments of several climates to meet European grapes whether temperatre condition critical cold temperature line (-15℃) (the European grapes cold-resistant abilty-16℃to-18℃-the encyclopedia of Chinese agriculture in 1993) and buried cold-resistant soil reference line (0℃), whether to need special measures to strengthen management.European grapes favor light-sufficient climate. In this study, all the four kinds of grapes, from several climates are compared whether they attain illumination condition in 1500 hours to 2000 hours or above.European grapes, resists drought well and favors dry climate, but not humid climate. European grapes need less than 1000mm annual rainfall precipitation conditions, standard for best, and 120mm per month. And humidity level is below 50 percent annully. This is to compare those four grapes from several climate on humidity level.According to Southwest University Library data,1989-2007 periodicals, they are not any about Chongqing relevant materials. This paper will be able to give suggestions on introducing wine grapes to Chongqing through detailed analysis of data, helping Chongqing expand the growth and production. In the meantime, to a certain extent, this study will also fill in the blank of relevant information in the periodical database.This paper's data analysis mainly is completed through graphic software program with temperatures, rainfall, and light as the climate impact factors. Each function realizes automatic mapping climate data for curve graphics so as to compare the grape quality change, and then form a corresponding conclusion.Based on the anylasis, including five kinds of main climate types and 23 viticultural area meteorological elements, the computer climate graphics analysis and grape cultivation survey indicates that the temperature and light and not liquor-making grape cultivation of restrictive factor, but rainfall is with wine grape cultivation effect of liquor quality factor from June to September. The most suitable grape cultivation region for European wine grapes is our country's Desert climate, which refers to the northwest China. And as well there is a close corelation between the ecological adaptability and the Summer rainfall. Consequently, south areas of the Yangtze, the Summer rainfall is usually not suitable for European wine grape cultivation.For other non-siutable regions, it would be extremely costly to introduce the wine grapes, like in Chongqing. Take Beibei region for example, from May to September, Beibei's rainfall is over 1200mm on average, but illumination hours are just 1247, way below the optimum 2000 hours. Those climate conditions can cause many problems like parasites, the fruit color degree adverse, poor quality fruit. If it should be done in Chongqing, the following would be the prerequizites:Cultivate new breeds like European hybrid which can resist high temperature and high humidity.Adopt measures to protect shelter from the cultivation so as to reduce or avoid pests. Reduce or exempt pesticides in order to promote organic wine grape production to improve the wine quality.Consider reducing N fertilizer. N fertilizer easily prompts new shoots with water. By doing that, it can not only prevent pest and aggravation, also avoid moderate growth. It will also be beneficial to the young fruit growth, leading to better ripe fruit quality and the wine quality.Consider the appropriate "microclimate" places to plant wine grapes, (such as in Sichuan Xichang, Pan Zhihua etc valley areas that are really dry and hot)... |
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