| The relations between anther color and different stage of anther development, factors affecting callus induction and buds differentiation from callus in 6 pepper cultivars of 3 types were systematically studied in present paper Results showed that:1．The anther development stage could be determined by pepper anther color. Most of the anthers lied in late uninucleate. when 1/2 of the front and 1/3 of the back of anthers were light purple. 2．Although anther callus could be obtained from anther inoculated on NTH,MS,and N6 mediums, the MS medium was more suitable than other mediums.3．The callus frequency of Luojiao 98 strain A type was the highest (11.67%) and that of 20138 was the lowest among the tested cultivars; the callus frequency of hybrids F1 were higher than that of normal cultivars.4．The induction frequency of anther callus was highly related to the density of anthers; The frequency of anther callus induction could be obviously improved in the condition of anther density over certain extent and the optimum density in the bottle of 250ml (about 30ml medium) was 30 anthers per bottle.5．Low temperature pretreatment with 0～4℃ for 1～7d on buds before inoculating were beneficial to callus induction, and the best treatments were pretreatments with 0～4℃ for 3～5d; Heat shock with 32℃ for 12～60h after inoculating also contributed much to callus induction: but the callus inductions were inhibited beyond 60h; comparison low temperature pretreatment before inoculating with heat shocks after inoculating indicated that the former was more efficient than the later, The difference of callus inducting frequency between the combination of lower temperature with heat shock and heat shock alone were not apparent.6．Addition of certain activated charcoal (AC) were contributed much to tissue culture because AC could absorb harmful materials; but anther callus induction frequency were inhibited in the condition of AC concentration over certain extent and the optimum concentration of AC was 0.4g per litre medium.7．The anther callus induction frequency between medium supplemented with sucrose and medium supplemented with maltose had not apparent difference, that indicated that sucrose and maltose had the same function.8．There were not apparent different among the callus induction frequency in the mediums supplemented with BA from 0.8 to 1.6mg/L. And the frequencies were inhibited in the condition of BA concentration over 2mg/L, increasing the concentration of NAA was beneficial to callus induction.9．The 1/2 MS medium supplemented with NAA 0.1mg/L and over BA 1.5mg/L were beneficial to bud primordium inducted from calluses; the bud couldn't be obtained from calluses with bud primordium inoculated on 1/2MS with various concentration of KT but root could be induced on the 1/2 MS medium supplemented with KT below 5mg/L; only on the 1/2 MS medium supplemented with BA 5mg/g and BA 6mg/g could induced the buds. The buds grew slowly ,formed callus in the bottom of buds. Degraded green and died in the end when the buds were inoculated on the growth medium. |
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