Guizhou Local Cattle Meat Production Performance And Meat Nutritional Characteristics

Five Guizhou native cattle varieties(Guanling Cattle,Sinan Cattle,Liping Cattle,Weining Cattle,Wuchuan Black Cattle) were selected,and in each variety 5 mature bulls with medium body size in central county were choosen,to use the approaches of slaughter determination and laboratory analysis to study the meat production performance and the nutritive peculiarity.The findings show that:(1) Guizhou native cattle belong to the typical variety of small native cattle.It has characters with small body size,small body weight,low meat production yield on average,but thin skin and minute bone.The slaughter rate and ratio of net meat production to live body weight are 53.56%and 44.99%respectively.Comparing with the report in 1980's,there is somewhat higher meat production performance.(2) The protein contents in free-fat dry matter are 95.23%,95.45%,95.52%, 95.68%and 95.61%in Guanling Cattle,Sinan Cattle,Liping Cattle,Weining Cattle, Wuchuan Black Cattle,respectively.And the fat contents are 4.08%,6.20%,and 4.94%,3.64%and 5.52%based on fresh meat,respectively.Except calium and phosphonium,there are no significant difference(P＞0.05) in the rest approximate compositions.(3) The fatty acids in Guizhou native cattle are composed mostly by fourteen-, sixteen-,seventeen-,eighteen-,and twenty-carbon fatty acid.The contents of unsaturated fatty acid(27.29%～45.48%) are less than those of saturated fatty acid (37.43%～50.96%).The UFA/TFA of Guanling Cattle,Sinan Cattle,Liping Cattle, Weining Cattle,Wuchuan Black Cattle are 45.78%,47.58%,46.30%,35.53%, 44.23%,respectively.In these varieties,except the Guanling Cattle having a high octadecanoic ned,the others are all rich in oleic acid and less in linoleic acid,in which Weining Cattle does the maxium(40.55%) and the Guanling Cattle does the minimum 22.78%oleic acid contenting.And except 16-1 olefmic acid,there is a significant difference(P＜0.05)in the rest fatty acids among these 5 varieties.(4) Besides tryptophane failling to be determined,there are other 8 kinds of essential ammo acids needed liar human nutrient requirements in Guizhou native cattie. In all ammo acids determined the highest content is giycine which rises up to 169.7 mg/g in Guanling Cattle.And the second is lysine;the lowest is cystine.The EAA/TAA in Guarding Cattle,Sinan Cattle,Liping Cattle,Weining Cattle,Wuchuan Black Cattle are 40.08%,43.17%,42.50%,42.67%,40.66%,respectively(exclude Trp).The content of TAA,EAA,methionine,leucine,isoleucine,lysine,threonine, valine,phenylalanine,histidine among Weining Cattle,Sinan Cattle,Guanling Cattle is no significant difference(P＞0.05).And the content of TAA,EAA,methionine, leucine,isoleucine of Liping Cattle and Wuchuan Black Cattle compare to other varieties being no significant difference(P＞0.05)wherewise there exist great significant in lysine,threonine,valine,phenylalanine,histidine(P＜0.05).Amino acid model of flesh growth for Guizhou native cattle established based on lysine as 100 are lysine 100,threonine 49,valine 47,isoleucine 44,leucine 90, methionine 30,histidine 53,phenylalanine 42,arginine 81,tryptophane 14(literature value),methionine+cystine 43,phenylalanine+tyrosine 78.