Effects Of Rosemary Extracts On Meat Performance, Meat Quality And Caecum Microorganism Of Jinghai Yellow Chickens

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of rosemary extracts on the growth performance, slaughter performance, meat quantity, antioxidant ability of serum and muscles, and cecum microorganism of Jinghai Yellow chickens.In the trial,960one-day-old chickens were selected and randomly divided into12groups, each group of80chickens, set4repeats, every repeat20chickens (male and female half).1to11were as experimental groups, and12was as control group. The treatments was as follows:1) control diets+avilamycin5mg/kg;2) control diets+avilamycin44mg/kg;3) control diets+water-soluble rosemary extracts100mg/kg;4) control diets+water-soluble rosemary extracts150mg/kg;5) control diets+water-soluble rosemary extracts200mg/kg;6) control diets+oil-soluble rosemary extracts100mg/kg;7) control diets+oil-soluble rosemary extracts150mg/kg;8) control diets+oil-soluble rosemary extracts200mg/kg;9) control diets+(water soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts100mg/kg;10) control diets+(water soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts150mg/kg;11) control diets+(water soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts200mg/kg;12) control diets (no antibiotics). All chickens of groups were fed from one-day to112-days. During the time of rearing, all chickens were reared on padding flat. Chickens of experimental groups were weighted once a week, record intake and number of chickens death. Growth performance (Daily gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion rate and survival rate) were determined. The serum was taken form8cocks and8hens, and the antioxidant ability index (T-AOD, MDA) of serum were determined. When112days,16cocks and16hens (each repeat4cocks,4hens, respectively) were split, weighed and calculated to evaluate the slaughtering performance. While,16cocks and16hens (each repeat4cocks,4hens, respectively) were selected. Blood after peeling away the skin, and took breast muscle, thigh muscle and caecum at0to4℃in the fresh. The effects of rosemary extracts to meat quality (the conventional traits of meat; chemical components of meat; flavor substances of meat), antioxidant ability (T-AOC, MDA) and cecum microorganism (aerobic bacteria; escherichia coli) of Jinghai Yellow chickens were determined. The results were as follows:1. Compared with control group, rosemary treatments obviously improve the survival rate. Rosemary on different levels of adding has certain influence on body weight and daily gain of Jinghai Yellow chicken. In breeding period,150mg/kg of (water soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts which compared with control group have an significant influence on body weight and average daily gain of Jinghai Yellow chicken (P<0.05). In the brooding period, it has a significant difference (P<0.05), but in formative period, it has no significant difference (P>0.05). For average daily feed intake, in breeding period,150mg/kg of (water soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts have an influence than other group, but have no significant difference (P>0.05). In breeding period,100mg/kg of (water soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts can improve feed conversion rate; in breeding period,150mg/kg of (water soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts has an significant effects on feed conversion rate (P<0.05); and can significantly reduce feed conversion rate; in formative period,200mg/kg of (water soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts can significantly reduce weight than control group (P<0.05). No matter male and female,150mg/kg and200mg/kg of (water soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts had an influence on the slaughter performance of each index, but compared with the control group, no significant difference (P>0.05).2.150mg/kg and200mg/kg of oil-soluble rosemary extract have greater influence on the carnation, but no significant influence compared with the control group (P>0.05), and have an significantly or extremely significantly influence than the antibiotic group (P<0.05or0.01).0and12o’clock,150mg/kg of water-soluble rosemary extract and oil-soluble rosemary extract have an significant effects on carnation, but have no significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05),24o’clock,200mg/kg of oil-soluble rosemary extract has significant effects on carnation (P<0.05), especially to breast muscles have an extremely significant influence than the control group and antibiotic group (P<0.01). Rosemary extracts have no significant influence on muscle pH (P>0.05).200mg/kg of oil-soluble rosemary group was significantly or extremely significantly less than control group in water loss (P<0.05or0.01).200mg/kg of oil-soluble rosemary extract have an significant influence on tender of chicken compared with the control group, and can improve the tender of chicken.3.150mg/kg and200mg/kg of (water soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts have an effects on muscle moisture content, but have no significant difference with the control group (P>0.05); Rosemary extracts have no significant influence on muscle crude protein content (P>0.05);150mg/kg of oil-soluble rosemary extract has an influence on crude fat in breast muscles, and150mg/kg of (water soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extract has an influence on crude fat in thigh muscles, but have no significant influence compared with control group (P>0.05).200mg/kg of water soluble rosemary extracts had an significant influence on inosinic acid content in breast, but had no significant influence in thigh (P>0.05).150mg/kg and200mg/kg of (water-soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts can significantly improve the contents of amino acids, but had no significant influence on cocks groups (P>0.05).100mg/kg and150mg/kg of oil-soluble rosemary extracts had an extremely influence on fatty acid content, but had no significant influence on the hen chicken (P>0.05); rosemary extracts had no significant effect on cholesterol in chicken meat.4. Rosemary extract had no significant effect on the immune organ index (P>0.05).200mg/kg of oil-soluble rosemary extract and (water-soluble+oil-soluble) rosemary extracts can significantly increase the total antioxidant capacity of serum, and significantly reduce MDA content of serum (P<0.05or0.01); but in the muscle, had no significant effect in muscles (P>0.05).5.44mg/kg of avilamycin had extremely significant difference than control group (P<0.01), and the other groups had no significant difference which compared with control group (P>0.05). Rosemary extracts had no significant influence on caecum microorganism (P>0.05).