China's Ginseng, American Ginseng And Its Planting Soil Organochlorine Pesticide Pollution Research

Ginseng, American ginseng and the soil where they grew have been investigated at the main ginseng and American ginseng planting area in China. The status of the organochlorine pesticides pollution in the soil, ginseng and American ginseng have been analyzed . This study can provide basis data for the choice of the ginseng GAP planting bases and the repair of the polluted soil. The status of the organochlorine pesticides residue in the ginseng and American ginseng provided important reference for the removal research of the organochlorine pesticides in ginseng. In addition we seek the relations of the organochlorine pesticides between the soil and ginseng to guide the organochlorine pesticides reduce and promote the quality of ginseng and American ginseng.The investigation was carried in June, 2006 and September, 2007. 198 ginseng, American ginseng and soil samples had been collected from the 101 ginseng and American ginseng planting bases in 7 easten areas of Jilin province. At the same time, the planting technologies and the characters of the soil had also been investigated in the research. The capillary gas chromatographic method was introduced for multiresidue analysis of 17 organochlorine pesticides in all the samples. And the detailed results obtained were as follows:1 The types of the organochlorine pesticides detected in all the soil samples were conformity, these pesticides were tecnazene, pentachloronitrobenzene, hexachlorobenzene,α-BHC,γ-BHC,β-BHC andδ-BHC. Among these pesticides, pentachloronitrobenzene and BHC polluted the soil most seriously.The 198 sampling points were ranked according to the soil standard in the Environmental quality standard for soils GB 15618-1995. The Good Agricultural Practice for Chinese Crude Drugs regulates that the soils for the crude drugs planting should at least accord with the standard of the second rank, 82.3% of the sampling points were in this rank.2 The kinds of the organochlorine pesticides detected in ginseng and American ginseng samples are same as what in soil samples. Among these pesticides, pentachloronitrobenzene and BHC polluted ginseng and American ginseng most seriously.3 Comparing the organochlorine pesticides in the ginseng and American ginseng samples from different areas, the result showed that the hexachlorobenzene residue was the most seriously in the ginseng samples from Ji'an, Antu, Jingyu, Linjiang, Dunhua, however the pentachloronitrobenzene residue was the most seriously in Fusong.4 The organochlorine pesticides can be accumulated in Ginseng and American ginseng from the soil they growing, but the exact enrichment ability should be researched further.5 The distribution of the organochlorine pesticides in the different parts of ginseng had been studied. The results showed that the distributions of the organochlorine pesticides in different parts were significantly different. The residues in epidermis and hair roots are the most significant, and the residues in leaves and subcutaneous part are middle level, while the residues level in stem and xylem is the least.The result of this paper suggested that except the pesticides regulated in the current pharmacopeia, it should make the corresponding standard for other pesticides such as tecnazene, hexachlorobenzene and so on, in order to make further control of the quality of the herbs. In addition, it ranked only according to the residue of DDT and BHC in the Environmental quality standard for soils GB 15618-1995, but other pesticides never been referred. So it is suggested that standards of several more pesticides should be added in order to strictly control the quality of the soil and ensure the quality of the GAP planting.