Study Of Rural Irrigation Water Community Management Model

China is an arid country, though the country has 2.8 trillion cubic meters of water resources, ranking sixth in the world, but the per capita share of water resources is 2,300 cubic meters, only a quarter of the world average lever, which is listed as one of the thirteen water-poor countries. The western area has several rivers, the water resources is rich, but because the space and time distribution is extremely non-uniform, it is difficult to development, the arid climate, the few precipitation, all of this reasons lead the water resources to scarce. Meanwhile, the water resources are very important regarding this area's industry and agriculture production with the lives of the people. Mismanagement of water resources is an important reason leading to water shortages. Thus improve water resource management has put on the agenda.Because of the low water use efficiency, the agricultural irrigation system is in a vicious cycle. For a long time, theories on water resources management are only keep it in full nationalization or market. The article reviews the relevant theories and proposes that the agricultural water resources and irrigation system has obvious characteristics of a public-pool-resources. During use, it can not rule out the use of others, at the same time, it is too difficult to make the water resources and related facilities completely under control because they are difficult to separate and have basic relationship to our living and production. Since the 1980s, along with the irrigation system operating efficiency which manages along with the government was low gradually and the government finance burden unceasing aggravating, the world up wells irrigation system management reform flood tide, our country also started the irrigation system management pattern reform, from the middle of 1990s, by learning the advanced experience in foreign country and exploring unceasingly.The traditional irrigation management pattern is forms under the traditional planned economy system, which has played certain role in the planned economy time. Along with market economy's development, managed the main body sole and the administrative method make a negative influence gradually, restricts the irrigation system efficiency enhancement, the operating efficiency has been low, the water resources management formed the vicious circle.Based on the theory of institutional economics, the dissertat-ion studies the reform of irrigation management institution. Using comparative analysis, normative and positive analysis, firstly, we introduce the tradition irrigation management pattern and the refo-rm process in our country, analyze the questions exist in pattern, then we take the Nanzhuang village which lie in Qingtongxia area of Ningxia province for example, discuss its management pattern and its movement process, Then we try to find out factors infecting the efficiency of pattern, statement some methods to improve the system, finally the author consider the multi-center governance is a feasible method to solution the questions.