| In the first period of romanticism in the 19th century, German opera could not form its own opera characters because it was influenced by many aspects such as politics and economic. Though singspiel appeared in German opera at the end of the 18th century which gained popularity in the people, and opera works produced by Mozart and Beethoven appeared then, yet none of these works could really represent German romantic opera, until the appearance of Weber's Der Freischutz.Carl Maria Von Weber (1786—1826)is a German composer, conductor, pianist and music critic. He created a variety of forms in his opera works, and among which Der Freischutz is the most important opera works in his life. Regarding from the whole history of opera, it is not only the typical example of romantic opera, but also having far-reaching effects to the later opera movement because there were few works with such great vitality at that time.The success of Der Freischutz is by no means fortuitous, but inevitable. First of all, under the big background of Germany in the 19th century, it is extremely rare to produce such an opera reflecting national and folk zest of Germany conforming to the masses'wish, and representing the mysterious forest, peasants, and folk tales of Germany on the opera stage. Secondly, musical materials with full-bodied national characteristics interpenetrated completely in the whole opera, give it a special style to show the voice of German people. Framed according to the national characteristics of Der Freischutz and shaping of peasant musical image, this thesis is divided into three chapters:The first chapter reviews the life history of composer Weber and the producing background of his operas; in the second chapter, the writer detailed researches the national characteristics of Der Freischutz. It starts with three aspects including script theme, opera form and national characteristics of musical language, reveals the reasons why Der Freischutz becoming an opera so much-loved by German masses in the 19th century, and still very popular until now as well, then simply analyses the features of Der Freischutz in its musical language and artistic expression; in the third chapter, the writer starts from three aspects:role and voice allocation of the opera, connection between main characters and story context of the opera, and aria, duet and ensemble interpretation. He represents and analyses the shaping of peasant musical image in the opera from the point of the singer, and the connection between main characters and the opera story. In this thesis, the personality and psychology state of main characters are deeply analyzed combining with the development of the plot of opera, and on the basis of this, the singing treatment of aria, duet and ensemble of main characters are profoundly interpreted. The conclusion starts from shaping of peasant musical image, represents the diversity and complexity of characters in the opera. Diversity means the comparison among different characters, while complexity refers to the description of psychological characteristics born by the characters. In his operas, through organically combination of aria, duet and ensemble in different scenes, Weber introduced German folk musical materials into them and perfectly displayed them as well. Research of national characteristics of Weber's opera Der Freischutz is not simply mean that it is a typical national opera, however, it aims to explain that the quintessence of this opera is coming from the national characteristics. Moreover, it is boldly innovated and absorbed on the basis of them, which is just the true power for emerging of German romantic opera. Just as Kleineke has said:" Romantic music is a perfect art work, all kinds of similar art category constitute an entirety, all the parts disappeared and integrated into one, various art category being used creates a new world through self-destructiveness in a certain way. "... |
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