Closed-loop Supply Chain Pricing Method In The Random Demand

Due to economic globalization, information and in-depth understanding of the prople on environmental protection, enterprises begin to pay attention recycling and remanufacturing of waste products. This raises the conern of reverse logistics, especially the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) based on remanufacturing. The effective management of CLSC is of great significance, to increase the profit of each node among the supply chain and the profits of the whole system to make manufacturer and retailer get win-win.According to the situation of market demand uncertainty, this paper introduce market demand for products of random in the closed-loop supply chain model, and add hypothesis on the basis of previous supply chain members were fully aware of market demand. In the whole decision-making of closed-loop supply chain, the product pricing decisions is a key element. Therefor, this paper analyzed the product pricing model of closed-loop supply chain under the same price and price differences between new products and the remanufactured, and network equilibrium by combined qualitative analysis with game theory, linear programming theory and variant inequality as tools, and verify the validity and rationality of the model in the end. Such work is of much value in enhancing supply chain collaboration between mumbers and improving the effectiveness of closed-loop supply chain. The main thesis of the research and the results are as follows:(1) Assumed that the product's market demand is random, directly aimed at the diverse recycling channels respectively, we discussed the different pricing model of new and the remanufactured in the same price situation; calculated the result of products' optimal pricing strategies on each node enterprise; compared the optimal solution in different models by simulation, and illustrated the changes of profits related to each node enterprise as well as to the whole closed-loop supply chain. In addition, this paper obtained the optimal selection strategy in different recovery mode for the manufacturer by changing the size of remanufacturing parameter.(2) Under the demand of stochastic, the pricing model of new products and the remanufactured were of different pricing in the closed-loop supply chain were researched, in which the centralized decision-making and the decentralized decision-making were analyzed. In the condition of the decentralized decision-making, the racaller are manufacturers, retailers and the third-party recovery. Pricing strategies and the profit were calculated and the selection strategy under different recycling channels of the manufacters were given through the comparative of optimal solution. This provide reference for the actual production of the company.(3) On the basis of the products'random demand, a closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium model which consists of a number of independent decision-making entity was studied. A multi-level closed-loop supply chain network equilibrium model was established by analyzing the competitiveness of layers and its equilibrium targets, using the approach of variational inequality, changing variational inequlity problem into the equivalent. A solution algorithm was given to derive the equilibrium price and equilibrium trading volum.Finally, a numerical example was given to verify the validity and accuracy of the model.