A Study On Overemployment And Its Crowding- Out Effect On Employment

In recent years, the cases that Chinese workers died or diseased due to overemployment to be found in the press continuously, which was gradually aroused concerns of each respect . In fact, overemployment is a long standing problem, which occurred in the developed Western capitalist countries at different times, and the most serious overemployment appeared in Japan's economic prosperity in the 1970s and 1980s, but few scholars attached importance to it .Overemployment is a economic phenomenon that workers'actual working hours or working intensity exceeds the legal working hours or the normal working intensity, is overdraft for human resources. This paper will first generalize the definition of overemployment, and classify the types of its existence according to the relationship between employers and employees as well as the macroeconomic factors; and then analyse the formation mechanism and the negative impact of the overemployment. Finally, the author uses data showing the varying degrees of overemployment on the current labor market by industry, sub-occupation, age, and academic qualifications; and meantime use the 2008's data estimating the total rate of overemployment and the industry rate of overemployment, and on the ground of the above figuring out the reduced posts at current labor market ; And based on this, the author put forward policy proposals to ease overemployment.The author argues that the employment pressure and the pressure of increased survival, the assessment mechanism and the promotion tournament system of enterprises as the main reasons that force workers to be in overemployment; And self-realization and mutual comparisons, honor to the family and other traditional Chinese cultural values are that many people take the initiative to work more hours to some extent. The existence of overemployment of workers not only reduces the laborers'happiness index, increases the burden on social security, but against the long-term development and enhancing competitiveness; More importantly, it largely diverted our jobs and worsened social unemployment. According to preliminary estimation, the overemployment of the existing in-service staff diverted about 16 million of our jobs. Therefore, solving the problem of overemployment in China has a profound and important meaning.