Taibai Ginseng Chemical Composition Studies

The Adenophorae is a kind of Chinese traditional medicine, which has the function of nourishing yin and clearing the lung-heat, dissolving phlegm, benefiting vital energy. Recent study has showed that the Adenophorae played an important role in many aspects, such as antibiosis, anti-radiation, the anti-mutation, immunoloregulation, counteracting tumour, anti-aging, modulating damage of learning and memory, regulating respiratory system. A.potaninii Korsh is Adenophorae's variation, it distributes widely in our country, and its resource is abundant, especially in Northeast, Henan province, Shaanxi province and so on. Taibai mountains, 1700 meter in altitude, climate with humid, is fit to growing all kinds of plants. A.potaninii Korsh in Taibai area is growing strong and thickset, it's resource is abundant. The aborigines have eaten them all years, which has significant effect in health. There are many reports about the chemical composition of the Adenophorae, but the chemical constituents in A.potaninii Korsh have never been reported so far. In order to explore the medicine resources in Taibai Mountains effectively, we have studied the chemical composition of A.potaninii Korsh in Taibai Mountains systemically in this article.There are seven Chapters in this thesis:Chapter one Review1. Research progress of root of the AdenophoraThe first part is the research progress of chemical composition in the plant of the Adenophora and a review on the situation of the pharmacological effects of Adenophora. Carbohydrate, terpenoid, sterol, phenol glucoside, coumarin, fatty acid, amino acid, trace element, phospho-lipin, alkaloid, soap glucoside, flavanone, resin, tannin, Vc, Vp, linoleic acid, octacosanoic acid, and so on in the Adenophora have been reported The pharmacology research of Adenophora involves the adjustment of immune system, to the respiratory system, the anti-mutation, the anti-radiation, anti-senile, antibacterial action, hypoglycemic activity, to fall the blood fats function and so on.2. Research progress of polysaccharidesThe second part mainly contents the extraction, separation, fractionation, pharmaco-reaserch and prospect of polysaccharides.Chapter two The content determination of the polysaccharide of A.potaninii Korsh..By the phenol-sulfuric acid method, under the condition of optimization, taking glucose as standard substance, we have developed a determination method to polysaccharide of Apotaninii Korsh in that the linear range is 0.01-0.09 mg·mL^-1.The linear equation was Y=9.695X-0.0092, r=0.9999, average recovery ratio was 99.04%. The content of Polysaccharides in A.potaninii Korsh. 's was 32.56%, and RSD was 0.12%(n=5).Chapter three Optimization for the extraction technology of the Polysaccharide in the Root of A.potaninii Korsh. by Orthogonal Experimental Design.The excellent extraction technology of the polysaccharide in the root of the A.potaninii Korsh has been developed based on L₉(3⁴) orthogonal experiment and single factor experiment.Chapter four The study on classification, purification and the anti-oxidative activity of APK (polysaccharide in the A.potaninii Korsh.).The polysaccharide in the Apotaninii Korsh.was divided into two parts by dialyses. The high molecular weight of polysaccharide was separated into three fractions(APK₁, APK₂ and APK₃) by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, which was gradient eluted by water, 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 moL·mL^-1NaCl in order. The four fractions (APK₄, APK₅, APK₆ and APK₇) have been obtained in the low molecular weight of polysaccharide, by precipitation fractionation of ethanol. The seven constituents of the molecular weight were determined by gel-permeation chromatograph (GPC). Based on the molecular weight, APK₁(842100), APK₂(425800), APK₃(22400), APK₄(12500), APK₅(6500) were considered as the single ingredient, the APK₆(3900) and APK₇(3800) were considered as the same constituent. The ratio of weight the six fractions in APK is 1 : 1.4 : 2.2 :9.2 : 70.6 : 23.3. Anti oxidative activity research indicated that the fraction of APK₅(6500) is excellent.Chapter five The study on the extraction technology and determination of the total flavanone in the A.potaninii Korsh.The single factor experiment and the L9(3⁴) orthogonal test were researched on extraction process of the total flavanone in the A.potaninii Korsh.. The optimum extraction craft was established. The ethanol concentration was 70%, the extracting time was 1.5 h, the extracting number of times was 3, and the solid-liquid ratio was 1 : 20. By this way, the content of the total flavanone was 0.053%(Taking the Rutin as standard substance) in the A.potaninii Korsh..Chapter six Determination of sapogenin in the A.potaninii Korsh.The content of sapogenin was determined by spectrophotometry. Under the best determination condition, taking Diosgenin as standard substance, the linear equation was Y=3.0117X-0.0034, r=0.9998, There was a good linear relationship in the range of 0.098-0.198 mg·-mL^-1, average recovery rate was 100.2%. The sapogenin in A.potaninii Korsh. 's was 0.82%, RSD was 0.46%(n=7).Chapter seven Determination ofβ-sitosterol in the A.potaninii Korsh.HPLC was used to determine of theβ-sitosterol in the A.potaninii Korsh..Theβ-sitosterol was as the standard sample. As the following conditions: the examination wave length was 210 nm; the column temperature was 35℃; the pure methyl alcohol was as mobile phase which flow rate was 0.7 mL·min^-1; the inject quantity of sample was 20μL. Taking the peak area as the coordinate, and the comparisonβ-sitosterol concentration as the abscissa, the linear equation was Y=3474X-22.268, r=0.9999 and the range of linear was 4.0×10^-7-2.0×10^-5 g. The average recovery rate was 99.6%. Theβ-sitosterol in A.potaninii Korsk's roots was 0.134%, RSD was 1.42(n=5).In this paper, the polysaccharide, the sapogenin, the total flavanone and the Beta-sitosterol in the A.potaninii Korsh have been researched firstly. The result showed that A.potaninii Korsh. 's of the roots, content of the polysaccharides is 32.56%, the sapogenin is 0.82%, the total flavanone is 0.053%, theβ-sitosterol is 0.134%. Extraction technology of the polysaccharide and flavonoid in A.potaninii Korsh have be Optimized, and their contents have been determined. In the anti oxidative actitity of APK, the fraction APK₅(6500) was the most prominent. It was preliminarily proved that the low molecular weight polysaccharide have the anti-oxidative activities. These results have made a foundation to study for further and apply of the A.potaninii Korsh.