The Providers Zhou Fangyi Finishing

Bronze Fangyi, an important bronze ritual, was first discovered in the Yin ruins II. It gained the popularity in the late Shang Dynasty, began to perish in Mid-Western Zhou, and became extinct after the early Spring and Autumn period. The bronze Fangyi, which existed for a short period of time, is much smaller than any other bronze ritual in number. Although recorded in the books since Northern Song Dynasty, the bronze Fangyi was confirmed in 1941. Existing studies on bronzes mostly focus only on one vessel, few of which conduct systematic exposition. The writer of this thesis has collected a total of 160 bronze Fangyi, either handed down or discovered. On the basis of the predecessors' studies, this thesis, with the use of the archaeological taxonomy, statistics and cultural analysis, etc. makes a comprehensive study of the documentation about the bronze Fangyi. This thesis is divided into the following sections.Introduction is about the previous books and research on the bronze Fangyi. The author reviews the previous studies and puts forword the approaches, purpose and significance of the study of bronze Fangyi.The first chapter deals with the naming and function of bronze Fangyi. In this part the author summarizes the previous definition and function of bronze Fangyi, determines its classification standards and, according to the shapes of bronze Fang Yi and archaeological data, finally draws a conclusion that the bronze Fangyi is a wine container.The second chapter is about the typology analysis of bronze Fangyi and years-inference. By using typology theory, the author analyzes Fangyi dug out in scientific ways and divides its development into 6 periods, thus generally clarifying the development of Fangyi.The third chapter is about the burial combination of Fangyi. In order to have a better understanding of the status of the user and the funeral burial system in that period, the author classifies Shang and Zhou tombs, examines the number of the Fangyi buried in different kinds of tombs, dimensions and a combination with others object and the location in the tomb, which also confirms the above view that bronze Fangyi is a wine container.The fourth Chapter discusses the regions where the bronze Fangyi distributes. In accordance with the number of Fangyi, distribution place, time range and nationality-belonging, it is concluded that Fangyi, which was mostly used by Yin people and improved during western Zhou period, was yin people' bronze vessel. Fangyi was regarded as high level markers in Shang and Zhou dynasties. Large portions of Fanyi concentrated in the district of Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan, where lay the royal capitals in Shang and Zhou dynasties, while they were rare in the remote areas.The Fifth chapter is about the decoration of Fangyi. The author divides the decoration of Fangyi into major and minor decoration, and summarizes the main characteristics and evolution of bronze fangyi decoration after a statistics of decoration of the Fangyi handed down and pictures of the FangyiThe Sixth chapter discusses the origin and disappearance of Fangyi. In this chapter the author analyzes the relation of Fangyi and large buildings in Shang and Zhou period and, bases on the literature and archaeological materials, and considers Fangyi should be originated from the large palace buildings in Shang and Zhou. After Shang dynasty perished, bronze Fangyi declined in the impact of Western Zhou culture while funerary wares Fangyi appeared. The author explores the causes of Fangyi's disappearance by tracing the development of funerary wares F angyi.Accompanying is about the relations of Fangyi and other vessel rituals. The paper analyzes the relationship among the Fangyi, Fangzun, Fanglei and Fanghu, and defines their difference and connections.The last section is the conclusion, which makes a summary of this research and points out some problems which still exist.